Volume 11, March 2015, Pages 202–208
Comparison of the chemistry and diversity of endophytes isolated from wild-harvested and greenhouse-cultivated yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica)
Highlights
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- Fourteen fungal endophytes were isolated from yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica).
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- Chaetomium cupreum yielded a new antimicrobial spirolactone, chaetocuprum.
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- Endophyte diversity was higher from wild-harvested than cultivated roots.
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- Results indicate the importance of source material for endophyte drug discovery.
Abstract
With this study, we explored the identity and chemistry of fungal endophytes from the roots of yerba mansa [Anemopsis californica
(Nutt.) Hook. & Arn. (Saururaceae)], a botanical traditionally used
to treat infection. We compared the diversity of fungal endophytes
isolated from a wild-harvested A. californica population, and
those from plants cultivated for one year in a greenhouse environment.
The wild-harvested population yielded thirteen fungal strains (eleven
unique genotypes). Of the extracts prepared from these fungi, four
inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus by >25% at 20 μg/mL, and three inhibited growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ≥20% at 200 μg/mL. By comparison, A. californica
roots after one year of cultivation in the greenhouse produced only two
unique genotypes, neither of which displayed significant antimicrobial
activity. The fungus Chaetomium cupreum isolated from wild-harvested A. californica yielded a new antimicrobial spirolactone, chaetocuprum (1).
An additional 14 known compounds were identified using LC–MS
dereplication of the various fungal endophytes. This study provides new
insights into the identity and chemistry of A. californica
fungal endophytes, and demonstrates the importance of considering
growing conditions when pursuing natural product drug discovery from
endophytic fungi.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
- Anemopsis californica;
- Antimicrobial;
- Fungal endophyte;
- Chaetomium cupreum;
- Spirolactone;
- Cylindrocarpon sp.
- Corresponding author. Tel.:
+1 336 324 5011; fax: +1 336 324 5402.
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