1 Normandie Univ, Caen, France
2 EA4652 Equipe BioConnecT, UFR de médecine, Université de Caen, CS14032 Caen cedex 5, Caen, France
3 Clinique Saint-Martin, Caen, France
4 Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté, Belfort, France
2 EA4652 Equipe BioConnecT, UFR de médecine, Université de Caen, CS14032 Caen cedex 5, Caen, France
3 Clinique Saint-Martin, Caen, France
4 Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté, Belfort, France
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015, 15:217
doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0748-7
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/15/217
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/15/217
| Received: | 12 December 2014 |
| Accepted: | 25 June 2015 |
| Published: | 9 July 2015 |
© 2015 Baugé et al.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Abstract
Background
Tendinopathies are tendon conditions associated with degeneration and disorganization
of the matrix collagen fibers, tendon cells apoptosis and inflammation through up-regulation
of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and prostaglandin
E
2
(PGE
2
) production. Currently, the pharmacological treatment is mainly based on non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use and corticosteroid injections, which both can
lead to numerous side effects for patients. TOL19-001 is a diet supplementary composed
mostly of spirulina and glucosamine sulfate whose antioxidant properties could be
helpful to treat tendinopathies while avoiding taking NSAIDs. In this study we developed
an in vitro model of tendinopathy in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of TOL19-001.
Methods
Tendon cells were cultured on monolayer and treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or
ciprofloxacin (CIP), and then, MMPs, PGE2 and collagen expression was evaluated by
RT-PCR or Elisa. In addition, a cotreatment with increased doses of TOL19-001 was
done. Toxicity of TOL19-001 was evaluated using a metabolic activity assay.
Results
This study demonstrates that IL-1β mimics some aspects of tendinopathies with PGE2
induction, MMP expression (mostly MMP1 and MMP3), and increases of type III/I collagen
ratio. CIP, meanwhile, leads to an increase of MMP2 and p65 mRNA, whereas it reduces
TIMP1 expression. Scleraxis expression was also increased by CIP whereas it was decreased
by IL-1β treatment. Besides, TOL19-001 cotreatment suppresses tendon cell inflammation
in vitro, marked by the downregulation of PGE2, MMPs and type III collagen in IL-1β stimulated-cells.
TOL19-001 also represses CIP induced-changes.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that TOL19-001 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on tendon
cells, which might explain why TOL19-001 diet may improve tendon function in patients
with tendon injury. Future research is required to determine TOL19-001 effect on injured
or overused tendons in vivo.