Volume 63, February 2015, Pages 71–81
- a Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- b Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- c Center for HydroMet and Climate Change, Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change-IMHEN, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- d Centre for Sustainable Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- e Division of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change -IMHEN, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- f Department of Land Resources, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University-CTU, Can Tho, Viet Nam
- g Mangrove Ecosystem Research Centre, Hanoi National University of Education-HNUE, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Received 10 December 2013, Revised 27 November 2014, Accepted 28 November 2014, Available online 8 December 2014
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Highlights
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- Major changes in the extent and composition of mangrove forests are shown in the Mui Ca Mau, Vietnam between 1953 and 2011.
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- Major agents of mangrove destruction in chemical warfare and conversion to shrimp aquaculture are quantified.
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- The development of a mangrove-shrimp farm system as the dominant land use is shown and discussed.
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- Natural mangrove is much reduced and the mangrove cover is now mostly planted Rhizophora.
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- Mangrove destruction has been partially compensated by extensive replanting efforts, which are quantified.
Abstract
Aerial
photographs and satellite images have been used to determine land cover
changes during the period 1953 to 2011 in the Mui Ca Mau, Vietnam,
especially in relation to changes in the mangrove area. The mangrove
area declined drastically from approximately 71,345 ha in 1953 to
33,083 ha in 1992, then rose to 46,712 ha in 2011. Loss due to herbicide
attacks during the Vietnam War, overexploitation, and conversion into
agriculture and aquaculture encouraged by land management policies are
being partially counteracted by natural regeneration and replanting,
especially a gradual increase in plantations as part of integrated
mangrove-shrimp farming systems. The nature of the mangrove vegetation
has markedly been transformed over this period. The results are valuable
for management planning to understand and improve the contribution of
mangrove forests to the provision of ecosystem services and resources,
local livelihood and global interest.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
- Mangrove;
- Land cover change;
- War;
- Mangrove-shrimp farm;
- Mui Ca Mau;
- GIS
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