2016, Pages 113–147
Abstract
Plants
produce an immensely broad array of lipids, including components of
membrane bilayers, storage oils, protective coatings, the photosynthetic
machinery and signal transduction systems. Moreover, plant lipid
metabolism involves complex interactions between prokaryote-derived
plastids and a eukaryotic endomembrane network. Plastids, whose
membranes are dominated by galactolipids assembled in situ, are the
primary site of fatty acid synthesis and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid synthesis. The endoplasmic
reticulum dominates pathways requiring fatty acid elongation or
oxygenation, most phospholipid assembly and the mevalonate pathway of
isoprenoid synthesis. Some factors, such as fatty acid desaturation,
involve an elaborate network of enzymes housed in both compartments.
Keywords
- Cuticle;
- Fatty acids;
- Isoprenoids;
- Plant lipid metabolism;
- Seed oils
Abbreviations
- ACCase
- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ACP
- Acyl carrier protein
- DAG
- Diacylglycerol
- DGAT
- Diacylglycerol acyltransferase
- ER
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- GPAT
- Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
- IPP
- Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
- KAS
- 3-Ketoacyl-ACP synthase
- KCS
- β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase
- LPAAT
- Lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase
- LPCAT
- Lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase
- MEP
- 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
- MVA
- Mevalonate
- OPDA
- Oxophytodienoic acid
- PA
- Phosphatidic acid
- PC
- Phosphatidylcholine
- PDAT
- Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase
- PDCT
- Phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase
- PE
- Phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG
- Phosphatidylglycerol
- TAG
- Triacylglycerol
AcknowledgEments
Thanks are due to John B. Ohlrogge for his contributions to earlier editions of this chapter.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.