Komlaga G1,2,3,
Cojean S4,
Dickson RA5,
Beniddir MA6,
Suyyagh-Albouz S4,
Mensah ML7,
Agyare C8,
Champy P6,
Loiseau PM9.
Abstract
The
use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases including malaria
is commonplace in Ghanaian traditional medicine, though the therapeutic
claims for most plants remain unvalidated. Antiplasmodial activity of
the aqueous extracts and successively obtained petroleum ether, ethyl
acetate and methanol fractions of the whole Phyllanthus fraternus plant,
the leaves of Tectona grandis, Terminalia ivorensis and Bambusa
vulgaris, and roots of Senna siamea were studied against Plasmodium
falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant W2
strains. The aqueous extracts were assessed against human umbilical vein
endothelial cells (HUVECs) for cytotoxicity, and the organic solvent
fractions against human O+ erythrocytes for haemolytic
effect. Both extracts and fractions demonstrated antiplasmodial activity
to varied extents. The aqueous extract of T. ivorensis was the most
active (3D7, IC50 0.64 ± 0.14; and W2, IC50 10.52 ± 3.55 μg/mL), and together with P. fraternus displayed cytotoxicity (CC50
6.25 ± 0.40 and 31.11 ± 3.31 μg/mL, respectively). The aqueous extracts
were generally selective for 3D7 strain of P. falciparum (selectivity
indexes (SIs) ≥3.48) but only that of S. siamea was selective for the W2
strain (SI > 2.1). The organic solvent fractions also displayed
antiplasmodial activity with the methanol fractions of P. fraternus and
T. grandis, and the fractions of B. vulgaris showing activity with IC50
below 1 μg/mL against P. falciparum 3D7 strain; some fractions showed
haemolytic effect but with low to high selectivity indexes (SI ≥ 4). The
results while justifying the traditional use of the plant materials in
the treatment of malaria, however, suggest their cautious use.
KEYWORDS:
Bambusa
vulgaris; Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum; Phyllanthus
fraternus; Senna siamea; Tectona grandis; Terminalia ivorensis;
Traditional medicine
- PMID:
- 27174028
- [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]