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Sunday 31 March 2019

Etnobotánica medicinal en el Pacífico de Nicaragua

Thesis

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332031399_Etnobotanica_medicinal_en_el_Pacifico_de_Nicaragua
  • March 2019
  • DOI:
  • 10.13140/RG.2.2.21859.81444
  • Thesis for: Maestria en Gestión Ambiental
  • Advisor: José Antonio Lopez Sáez
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Abstract
Introducción: La etnobotánica, disciplina encargada de rescatar, salvaguardar y exponer los conocimientos de los pobladores que hacen uso de las plantas, centrándose principalmente en los grupos étnicos con identidad y acervo cultural en el uso de vegetales para su autoconsumo, parte esencial de su cultura que les identifica. Nicaragua es catalogada como "un país multiétnico y pluricultural" caso que podría generar datos interesantes en esta disciplina. Material y Métodos: para el análisis de datos se hizo uso de la encuestas etnobotánicas para la recolección de datos (especie, uso, dosis etc.), observación y clasificación taxonómica a través de una ficha de campo estructurada; análisis documental de las especies autóctonas especificando metabolitos secundarios y propiedades medicinales, el software PAST que es utilizado para medir biodiversidad y hacer correlaciones de similitud y finalmente los índices etnobotánicos para caracterizar culturalmente las comunidades. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 156 especies medicinales, los encuestados aportaron 4,404 citas etnomedicinales y 15 tipologías de uso medicinal. Las 5 especies más citadas: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Cymbopogon citratus, Mangifera indica, Citrus x aurantium, Plectranthus amboinicus. Se contabilizaron ocho especies con usos etnobotánicos endémicos de estas especies no hay bibliografía alguna. La diversidad fue alta, según el índice Shannon-Weiner , referente al uso de los índices etnobotánicos siendo el de aloctoneidad: 59% autóctono contra un 41% de especies alóctonas; el índice de etnobotanicidad social medicinal, con características de interés (género, edad, educación y trabajo), demostró que, en referencia al género, el mayor conocimiento etnomedicinal corresponde a mujeres, en la edad los jóvenes entre 20-39 años poseen mayor cantidad de citas; el nivel académico relacionado con el acervo cultural está representado por las personas con una formación básica (primaria) que es más de la mitad y finalmente la relación entre labor son las amas de casa que tienen el primer lugar. El análisis de similitud por grupos generó tres cúmulos muy similares. Este método demostró que no existe una cultura mestiza e indígena diferenciada. Las comunidades indígenas poseen un gran acervo cultural sobre el uso de plantas medicinales, pero éste se fundamenta en especies alóctonas, lo que en cierta manera limita una "identidad cultural indígena". El conocimiento etnobotánico autóctono es una amalgama cultural tras análisis bibliográfico, que destacó que hay una gran influencia cultural provenientes de Norteamérica por las sucesiones culturales de México; se encontró con especies de amplio espectro de uso que van desde México hasta el Amazonas o incluso más al sur Se documentó un catálogo etnoflorístico medicinal de 79 especies, el catálogo incluye la caracterización química de los principales metabolitos secundarios responsables de las propiedades medicinales de las especies estudiadas, el uso histórico dado a éstas en las comunidades encuestadas así como en otras culturas, e, incluso, otro tipo de potencialidades en el ámbito de la salud cuando se ha considerado pertinente tal mención.

Saturday 30 March 2019

The chemistry and biological activities of Peperomia pellucida (Piperaceae): A critical review

2019 Mar 25;232:90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.021. Epub 2018 Dec 15.


Author information

1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: nayara.alves@icb.ufpa.br.
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA. Electronic address: setzerw@uah.edu.
3
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: joycekellys@ufpa.br.

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is an annual weed with a preference to humid places with reduced solar radiation. This plant is mainly distributed in the Neotropics, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. It is popularly employed in the treatment of a variety of health conditions such as abscesses, abdominal pain, skin sores, conjunctivitis, measles, and kidney troubles. Several studies have also described its antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and a variety of other bioactivities.

THE AIM OF THE REVIEW:

The aim of this work is to evaluate, using a critical review, the present ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of P. pellucida essential oils (EOs) and extracts from different locations around the world.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This review was performed through an online survey of the ethnomedicinal practices, chemical compositions and pharmacological applications of P. pellucida EOs and extracts. The data were mainly obtained from online journals and books published in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The information was collected from websites such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, ResearchGate and other online databases that provided more information about this herb.

RESULTS:

Peperomia pellucida bioactivities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, fracture healing, antidiabetic and anti-hypercholesterolemia have been described in several literature sources. Nonetheless, most reports only provide the phytochemical screening of extracts, which does not allow the identification of the active compounds. From these studies, some reported constituents are not included in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP), which raises questions toward their identification. In addition, some biological assays were even performed without standard controls for comparison which also makes these results questionable.

CONCLUSION:

This review evaluates data regarding the phytopharmaceutical potential of P. pellucida. In general, several important aspects were questionable or missing in these manuscripts, which points out the need of more investigation on the pharmacological properties and phytochemical compositions of this herb.

KEYWORDS:

Ethnomedicinal practices; Peperomia pellucida; Pharmacological applications; Phytochemistry
PMID:
30562552
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.021

Wednesday 27 March 2019

Tribal farmers' traditional knowledge and practices for pig farming in Nagaland

Abstract and figures
Pig husbandry is an important farming component in Nagaland which plays a significant socioeconomic role in the livelihood of Naga tribes. The present study documented the Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) on pig farming as practised by tribal farmers in Nagaland. Some commonly used plants for feed were Manihot esculenta, Colocasia esculenta L., Ipomea batata, Euphorbia hirta L., Musa spp., Eichhornia crassipe, Bidens spilosa Ficus hispida L. etc. Ethnoveterinary plants identified were Oroxylum indicum for treatment of oral and foot lesion in FMD and also for deworming; Rhus chinensis for treatment of fever; Hibiscus cannabinus L. for fever and dysentery; Spondias pinnata, Rhus similata and Curcuma caesia, guava, bamboo, banana, papaya against diarrhoea and dysentery; Gynura cusimbua for its healing properties and Cinnamomum verum as anti-helminthic. Gur for diarrhoea and dysentery; brick powder and wood ash for deworming; beehives for curing fever and termite's earth for prevention of piglet's anaemia were reported for the first time. Other plants which were documented in the present study were Carica papaya L., Lagenaria siceraria, Citrus spp. and Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. as abortifacient; application of wood ashes with kerosene oil after castration to prevent bleeding and as disinfectant and Carica papaya as galactogogue.

Saturday 23 March 2019

The effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) supplementation in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial

Background: Osteoarthritis is a common problem affecting the joints in the elderly, caused disability and consequently decrease the quality of life. The conservative treatment includes the usage of analgesia, but the use of herbal medicine is growing. Momordica charantia or bitter melon has been widely described to have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effect on reducing pain in primary knee osteoarthritis is not well studied. We aim to determine the effects of Momordica charantia in reducing pain among primary knee osteoarthritis patients. Materials and methods: Thirty-eight and thirty-seven primary knee osteoarthritis patients underwent 3 months of Momordica charantia and placebo supplementation respectively. Three 500 mg per capsule of Momordica charantia were taken thrice daily. Rescue analgesia was allowed as needed. Pain and symptoms throughout the Momordica charantia supplementation period were assessed using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and EQ-5D-3L Health questionnaire, while rescue analgesia intake throughout the period of supplementation was measured using analgesic score. Results: After 3 months supplementation period, body weight, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose reduced significantly in the Momordica charantia group. There were also significant improvements in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales and EQ-5D-3L dimension score, and reduction in analgesic score. The placebo group had also shown significant improvements in certain Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales and EQ-5D-3L dimension score, but with increased of the analgesic score. Conclusion: Momordica charantia supplementation offers a safe alternative to reducing pain and improving symptoms among the primary knee osteoarthritis patients while reducing the need for analgesia consumption. These beneficial effects can be seen as early as 3 months of supplementation.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326034776_The_effects_of_Momordica_charantia_bitter_melon_supplementation_in_patients_with_primary_knee_osteoarthritis_A_single-blinded_randomized_controlled_trial

Wednesday 20 March 2019

Antihyperglycemic effect of Portulaca pilosa Linn. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract
The antihyperglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of Portulaca pilosa Linn. was evaluated against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels were calculated at various time intervals of 0, 1, 2 and 3 h after the administration of ethanolic extract of P.pilosa. The ethanolic extract reduced the blood glucose levels significantly when it was administered at three doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. It reduces the blood glucose level from 334.67±5.27 to 134.57±6.49 at 3h after the administration of 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated in comparison of the administration of an oral hypoglycemic agent, Tolbutamide.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331346945_Antihyperglycemic_effect_of_Portulaca_pilosa_Linn_in_streptozotocin-induced_diabetic_rats

Review on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological evidence on leaf extract of Persea americana and Vernonia amygdalina of the African continent - A Review

People on the African continent frequently consume Persea americana and Vernonia amygdalina for food and medicinal purposes. The review is an effort to compile ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge is the above two plants from the year 2000 till now. A search was carried out using a combination of several keywords : Persea americana, Vermonia amygdalina, traditional medicine, ethnomedicine, avocado, bitter leaf and integrated approaches. Published papers in English language were retrieved from the online bibliographical databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library electronic databases. Findings from this review revealed that leaf extract of P. americana and V. amygdalina have been used in many local African communities for management of various diseases. Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina may justify polyherbal formulation involving the two plants in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and other diseases. © 2019 Indian Drug Manufacturers' Association. All rights reserved.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331086845_Review_on_ethnomedicinal_uses_phytochemical_constituents_and_pharmacological_evidence_on_leaf_extract_of_Persea_americana_and_Vernonia_amygdalina_of_the_African_continent_-_A_Review

Monday 18 March 2019

Share your article [JEP_11747] published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Friday 15 March 2019

Crop-Weather Interactions, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Evaluation of the Phenological Models for Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench under Subtropical and Temperate Environment

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331521590_Crop-Weather_Interactions_Phytochemistry_Pharmacology_and_Evaluation_of_the_Phenological_Models_for_Echinacea_purpurea_L_Moench_under_Subtropical_and_Temperate_Environment/references

Thursday 14 March 2019

HPTLC and GC-MS Profile of Barleria Lupulina Lindl. Extracts and their Effect on Enteric Bacterial Pathogens

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321338523_HPTLC_and_GC-MS_Profile_of_Barleria_Lupulina_Lindl_Extracts_and_their_Effect_on_Enteric_Bacterial_Pathogens