Leonurus cardiaca L. as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: An Update of the European Medicines Agency Assessment Report (2010)

Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort) is a perennial herb, native to Asia and southeastern Europe, with widespread global occurrence in present days. The plant was historically used as cardiotonic and for treating gynaecological afflictions (such as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopausal anxiety, or postpartum depression). Although its use in oriental and occidental medicine is relatively well documented, the recent progress registered raises the need for an update of the Medicines Agency assessment report on Leonurus cardiaca L., herba (2010). The current study presents the progress made within the 2010-2018 timeframe regarding the potential applications and scientific evidences supporting the traditional use of motherwort, in the same time suggesting future research opportunities.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332510238_Leonurus_cardiaca_L_as_a_Source_of_Bioactive_Compounds_An_Update_of_the_European_Medicines_Agency_Assessment_Report_2010

National inventory and usage of plant-based medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders with cattle in Benin (West Africa)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332399732_National_inventory_and_usage_of_plant-based_medicine_to_treat_gastrointestinal_disorders_with_cattle_in_Benin_West_Africa

In vitro Antimicrobial and Antifungal Efficacy of Ethanol Crude Stem Bark Extract of Boswella dalzielle

Abstract and figures

The efficacy of Boswellia dalzielii (Frankincense) stem bark extract on some bacterial and fungal organisms was evaluated for its in-vitro antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella gallinarium, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. The research work was carried out in Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratories of Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom. Well diffusion method was carried out on nutrient agar. MIC, MBC and MFC of the test organisms were carried out on nutrient broth. The phytochemistry revealed the presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpens and phenol in ethanol extracts while resin, alkaloid and glycosides were absent in hot water extracts. Alkaloid was also absent in ethanolic extract. The aqueous extract of the plant exhibited neither antibacterial nor antifungal effects against all test organisms used in the study while the ethanolic extract of the plant showed both antibacterial and antifungal effects on the study organisms. The results of this study also showed that the ethanolic extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark has activity against all bacteria species used in the study (broad spectrum activity). For gram-negative and positive bacteria, Salmonella gallinarium and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive while Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes were the least respectively. Candida albicans was more sensitive than Aspergillus fumigatus. It was concluded that the test organisms were susceptible to ethanol extracts of the plant and may be good source of antibiotics.

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Article Dietary Artemisia vulgaris meal improved growth performance, gut microbes, and immunity of growing Rex rabbits

• April 2019
• Czech Journal of Animal Science 64(No. 4):174-179

• DOI:
• 10.17221/162/2018-CJAS

• Jianping Wang
• Lin Lin
• Bin Li

• Ning Liu

Abstract

Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) is an edible plant showing antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its effect as a feed additive or forage source on the herbivore growth and health is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A. vulgaris meal supplementation on the growth performance, gut microbes, and immune function in rabbits. A total of 120 growing Rex rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per 5 rabbits each. There were four experimental diets containing A. vulgaris meal at doses of 0, 3.0, 6.0 or 9.0%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed that diets supplemented with A. vulgaris meal improved the rabbits’ feed intake, body weight gain, and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Linear and quadratic responses were found between the growth parameters and the herbal meal doses (P ≤ 0.002). A. vulgaris meal also improved gut microbe populations by increasing Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, and decreasing E. coli, C. perfringens, Salmonella, and Gram-negative bacteria (P < 0.05), and linear and quadratic dose-dependent advantages were exhibited for these microbes (P ≤ 0.013). Furthermore, blood levels of IgA, IgM, and lymphocytes of bursale, thymus, CD4 and CD8 were increased by the treatments containing A. vulgaris meal (P < 0.05), and linear dose-dependent effect was found on these immune indexes (P < 0.001). Diet supplemented with A. vulgaris meal is effective in improving growth, gut microbes, and immunity of Rex rabbits.

Efficacy, toxicity, and lethality of plants with potential anthelmintic activity in small ruminants in Brazil

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332276325_Efficacy_toxicity_and_lethality_of_plants_with_potential_anthelmintic_activity_in_small_ruminants_in_Brazil

• April 2019
• Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal 20

• DOI:
• 10.1590/s1519-9940200232019

• License
• CC BY 4.0

• Vanessa Daniele Mottin
• Jurandir Ferreira da Cruz
• Milton Resende Teixeira Neto

• Lorena Silva Sousa

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Abstract and figures

The use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic method in the control of diseases has been increasing in animal production. In the case of small ruminants, the endoparasitic disease is a major concern, since they are considered the greater sanitary problem, especially when considering the phenomenon of parasite resistance to the medicines used. Therefore, the development of alternative methods of endoparasitary control in goats and sheep has become a pressing need. The use of plants to control endoparasites can reduce the use of chemical inputs, making more environmentally sustainable livestock, minimizing the occurrence of parasitic resistance to conventional medicines and contributing to the reduction of production costs. In this sense, several studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of plants with anthelmintic potential. However, despite the potentiality found in many studies, the results are sometimes contradictory or do not replicate in vivo the same efficacy obtained in the in vitro assays. Another relevant aspect is the low utilization of the lethality and toxicity tests, which are indispensable so that the knowledge can be spread and applied by the producers in their herds. Thus, this review aims to provide the results from studies carried out in Brazil with extract of plants with potential for control of parasitic disease in goats and sheep, describing the main evaluated plants species, mechanisms of action, preparation forms and tests of efficacy, toxicity, and lethality.

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Notes on Psychoactive Plants Used to Improve Hunting Abilities

• April 2019

• Project:
• Ethnobotany in Cross-Cultural Comparison

• Tristan Kallweit

Abstract

All over the globe, man has used since time immemorial an array of plants, fungi, and the like to aid him in his undertakings whenever he needed. Ethnobotany has greatly gaind a respectable position among more established scientific fields by scrutinizing vast material of these useful plants thus far. Yet, most reports have dealt with the magico-religious or medicinal use, whereas few has heretofore been told about plants used to enable a better hunting success. The aim of this short paper is to provide a preliminary overview of psychoactive substances harnessed in a hunting context.

Jatropha Gossypiifolia L. and Its Biologically Active Metabolites: A Mini Review

• April 2019
• Journal of Ethnopharmacology 234

• DOI:
• 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.022

• Qinghua Wu
• Jiri Patocka
• Eugenie Nepovimova
• Kamil Kuca

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is popularly known as bellyache bush or black physic nut and is widely used in local / traditional medicine due to the various biological activities attributed to its different parts, including its leaves, roots, and latex. Aim of the study: In this review, we aim to update and discuss the chemistry, specific pharmacology, and toxicological activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia and its bioactive metabolites. Materials and methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched with the name “Jatropha gossypiifolia” and the term “bioactive metabolites”. All studies on the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant up to December 2018 were included in this review. Results: Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves are considered to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. The root and stem have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The seeds and fruits can be used against influenza and as a sedative, analgesic or anti-diarrheal agents. The latex is bactericidal and molluscicidal. Topical application of latex is used to treat wounds and bites of venomous animals. The diluted form is usually used for the treatment of diarrhoea by indigenous peoples. Conclusions: The main pharmacological activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia include anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase, and antihypertensive activities. Species of Jatropha are notably known for their toxic potential, and their toxicity is primarily related to the latex and seed contents. However, the potential mechanisms of these pharmacological activities have not b​

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Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications

Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications

• April 2019
• Molecules 24(7):1364

• DOI:
• 10.3390/molecules24071364

• License
• CC BY 4.0

• Project:
• Phytotherapy Research

• Bahare Salehi
• Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
• Rabin Gyawali

• William N Setzer

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332258458_Piper_Species_A_Comprehensive_Review_on_Their_Phytochemistry_Biological_Activities_and_Applications

Abstract

Piper species are aromatic plants used as spices in the kitchen, but their secondary metabolites have also shown biological effects on human health. These plants are rich in essential oils, which can be found in their fruits, seeds, leaves, branches, roots and stems. Some Piper species have simple chemical profiles, while others, such as Piper nigrum, Piper betle, and Piper auritum, contain very diverse suites of secondary metabolites. In traditional medicine, Piper species have been used worldwide to treat several diseases such as urological problems, skin, liver and stomach ailments, for wound healing, and as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, Piper species could be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in food preservation. The phytochemicals and essential oils of Piper species have shown strong antioxidant activity, in comparison with synthetic antioxidants, and demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities against human pathogens. Moreover, Piper species possess therapeutic and preventive potential against several chronic disorders. Among the functional properties of Piper plants/extracts/active Molecules 2019, 24, 1364 2 of 117 components the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuropharmacological activities of the extracts and extract-derived bioactive constituents are thought to be key effects for the protection against chronic conditions, based on preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, besides clinical studies. Habitats and cultivation of Piper species are also covered in this review. In this current work, available literature of chemical constituents of the essential oils Piper plants, their use in traditional medicine, their applications as a food preservative, their antiparasitic activities and other important biological activities are reviewed.

2009 Pharmaco-Toxicological Aspects of Herbal Drugs Used in Domestic Animals

• December 2009
• Natural product communications 4(12):1777-84

• DOI:
• 10.1177/1934578X0900401230

• Source
• PubMed
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41395566_Pharmaco-Toxicological_Aspects_of_Herbal_Drugs_Used_in_Domestic_Animals

• Rosario Russo
• Giuseppina Autore
• Lorella Severino

Abstract and figuresHerbal drugs are more and more used both in human and veterinary medicine to mitigate and prevent minor diseases and to support conventional medicine using allopathic drugs. Nevertheless, 'natural product' does not mean lack of adverse effects, and many people and veterinarians do not know enough about the adverse reactions that can occur following the administration of such drugs in domestic animals. Moreover, herbal products can interact with each other when administered concomitantly or can agonize or antagonize the effects of synthetic drugs administered as primary therapy. The use of non-conventional medicines (NCM) should be considered as a veterinary practise. In this paper, the herbal drugs most utilized in domestic animals, both pets and large animals, are reviewed, as their use is increasing, despite the prejudices of the academic world and some of the adverse effects and interactions that can occur in domestic animals

An Investigation into How Helpers Ascribe Meanings to the Phenomenon of Work – Accommodation Exchange

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https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14843

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Date

2018-10-31

Type

Master thesis
Mastergradsoppgave

Author

Jiang, Yan

Abstract

Offering (or receiving) work in exchange for free accommodation is a service that we have in tourism industry today and it has become a worldwide phenomenon. In such exchanges, helpers come to the hosts’ home and are expected to contribute a pre-agreed amount of time per day (most often four to five hours of work a day) in exchange for lodging and food, which is provided by the hosts. This master thesis is aiming to find out how helpers ascribe meanings in such work-accommodation exchange. In the history of the itinerant travelling, there are multiple forms of itinerant travelling can be seen as antecedents to the phenomenon of work-accommodation exchange today. Thus, this master thesis went through many literatures of itinerant travelling forms in the history to analogize the cultural and social dimensions of work-accommodation exchange. Seven former helpers with different background have selected to be interviewed. This master thesis touches on the characteristics of the helpers, the work element, leisure, vulnerability, post work-accommodation exchange experiences, antecedents and new trends in this phenomenon.

Publisher

UiT The Arctic University of Norway
UiT Norges arktiske universitet

Divergent economies of agriculture in Hawaiʻi: intersecting inequalities and the social relations of agrifood Work

  

Shaw, Amanda (2017) Divergent economies of agriculture in Hawaiʻi: intersecting inequalities and the social relations of agrifood Work. PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).

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Identification Number: 10.21953/lse.8yzi4wbj56gn

Abstract

This thesis analyses agrifood work in Hawaiʻi from an intersectional, gendered perspective. It examines the intersecting social relations of production, investigating how different agrifood practices address, if at all, intersecting social inequalities. It asks, how do agroecological ‘alternatives’ address intersecting inequalities, if at all, in their work? Do forms of ʻalternative agriculture’ offer more ‘gender-inclusive’ forms of work when intersecting inequalities are considered? The research sought to address these questions by analysing three case studies which can be said to represent ‘outliers’ compared to the majority of Hawaiʻi’s agrifood production. It examines particular cases of small and collective agroecological growing practices, as well as examples of transnational seed production. The thesis utilised methods of participant observation, interviews and document analysis in order to understand how different how agrifood work is organised and how different participants in these practices make meaning of their work. It drew on analytical frameworks from agrifood studies of labour and justice and intersectional feminist and anti-imperialist political economic and ecological theorising. The research found that within the cases, agrifood practices are characterised by their diversity, and sought to draw out what I argue are nevertheless important tendencies within them. This entailed analysing the tensions, contradictions and possibilities these cases presented for addressing intersecting inequalities in their work. I showed that, in some ways, agroindustrial seed production offers more formal ʻgender-inclusive’ benefits but that agroecological practices create spaces to challenge gendered-norms on an individual and collective basis. At the same time, I suggested that projects for the recognition and inclusion of women and women’s work are highly limited when they fail to account for the ways gendered inequalities intersect with other differences of class and race, for example. At the same time, I argued that efforts to address intersecting gendered inequalities within agrifood work must attend to these contradictions, failures and possibilities and that doing so is not only revealing of some of the wider logics shaping agrarian ideals and agrifood practices, but potentially of how gendered colonialities operate.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD)
Additional Information:	© 2017 Amanda Friend Shaw
Library of Congress subject classification:	H Social Sciences > HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
Sets:	Departments > Gender Institute
Supervisor:	Perrons, Diane
URI:	http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/3733

The Application of Bryophyllum pinnatum Preparations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology - a Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study

[The Application of Bryophyllum pinnatum Preparations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology - a Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study]

• August 2015
• Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine 22(4)

• DOI:
• 10.1159/000437154

• Source
• PubMed

• Karin Fürer
• Ana Paula Simões-Wüst
• Alice Winkler

• Ursula von Mandach

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Abstract

Hintergrund: Bryophyllum pinnatum wurde durch die anthroposophische Medizin in Europa eingeführt und wird heutzutage auch in der konventionellen Medizin breit angewendet. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Verordnungen im Bereich Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe in der Schweiz sowie das Wirkungspotenzial von B. pinnatum und mögliche unerwünschte Ereignisse zu erfassen. Patienten und Methoden: Arztpraxen und Kliniken für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie wurden gebeten, die Verordnungen von B. pinnatum bei ihren Patientinnen im Zeitraum von 31 Monaten mittels eines Online-Fragebogens zu dokumentieren. Ergebnisse: Am UniversitätsSpital Zürich, am Kantonsspital Winterthur sowie in 2 Arztpraxen wurden bei insgesamt 174 Frauen 208 Verordnungen mit B. pinnatum erfasst (mehrere Verordnungen pro Patientin möglich). Der überwiegende Anteil der Patientinnen war schwanger (87%). B. pinnatum wurde bei 83% aller Frauen bzw. bei 95% der Schwangeren als Tokolytikum bei Frühgeburtsbestrebungen verordnet und zeigte eine gute bis sehr gute Wirkung. Wegen innerer Unruhe erhielten 14% der Patientinnen B. pinnatum zur Sedation am Tag und 5% zur Sedation bei Schlafproblemen. Für diese beiden Indikationen konnte die Unruhe gemindert werden. 13% der Frauen litten an einer hyperaktiven Blase, deren Therapie mit B. pinnatum in zwei Drittel der Fälle als sehr wirksam eingestuft wurde. Für die Behandlung wurde in 92% der Fälle Kautabletten Bryophyllum 50% verschrieben. Schlussfolgerungen: Im Bereich der konventionellen Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe wird B. pinnatum überwiegend bei schwangeren Patientinnen verordnet, dabei vor allem bei vorzeitigen Wehen, innerer Unruhe und hyperaktiver Blase. B. pinnatum zeigte eine gute Wirkung in der Behandlung dieser mit Hyperaktivität verbundenen Beschwerden. © 2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280582389_The_Application_of_Bryophyllum_pinnatum_Preparations_in_Obstetrics_and_Gynaecology_-_a_Multicenter_Prospective_Observational_Study