Evaluation of Aristolochia indica L. and Piper nigrum L. methanol extract against centipede Scolopendra moristans L. using Wistar albino rats and screening of bioactive compounds by high pressure liquid chromatography: a polyherbal formulation

Sivaraj D1, Shanmugam S2, Rajan M1, Sasidharan SP1, Sathyanarayanan S1, Muniyandi K1, Thangaraj P3, de Souza Araújo AA2. Author information 1 Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Cristovao, Sergipe, CEP, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao, Brazil. 3 Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: drparimel@gmail.com. Abstract and figures The present study was aimed to explore the anti-venom activity of Aristolochia indica and Piper nigrum plants against the centipede (Scolopendra moristans) envenomation in animal model. In vtiro phytochemical, antioxidant and blocking of proteolysis were carried out by using standard spectrophotometric methods. In vivo anti-venom activity of methanol extracts was determined using Wistar albino rats after fixing lethal and effective doses. The electrolytes, lipid, liver, kidney, hematological parameters were analyzed and histopathology of skin and liver were also examined. Anti-skin cancer by MTT method and HPLC analysis were also carried out. The CAIPN extract showed higher total phenolics (150.65 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (158.97 ± 0.93 mg RE/g extract) content. Further, the same extract revealed the higher molybdenum reducing, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (80.08 ± 0.22%), DPPH radical scavenging (3.05 μg/mL), and blocking of proteolysis activities (96.45 ± 0.04%). The parameters like hypersensitivity, electrolytes, lipids, blood components, liver and kidney marker of the CAIPN methanol extract (200 mg/kg) treated envenomated rats was remarkable and same as in the normal animals. Such status was also achieved by RBAI and SPN at 600 mg/kg. The histopathological scoring of skin and liver confirmed the venom neutralizing activity of CAIPN. Also, the CAIPN methanol extract was notable in anti-skin cancer activity (208 μg/mL). The presence of the ferulic acid (04 ± 0.09 μg/mg) and quercetin (35.30 ± 0.30 μg/mg) like compounds was confirmed by HPLC analysis. Hence, the present investigation results conclude that the CAIPN was significant in their action and this polyherbal formulation could be considered as a new source for the pharmaceutical industries to develop a new effective, ecofriendly anti-venom drug.