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J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Mar 27;140(2):298-324. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.021. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
Ethnoknowledge of Bukusu community on livestock tick prevention and control in Bungoma district, western Kenya.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
To
date, nomadic communities in Africa have been the primary focus of
ethnoveterinary research. The Bukusu of western Kenya have an
interesting history, with nomadic lifestyle in the past before settling
down to either arable or mixed arable/pastoral farming systems. Their
collective and accumulative ethnoveterinary knowledge is likely to be
just as rich and worth documenting.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
The
aim of the present study was to document indigenous knowledge of the
Bukusu on the effect of livestock ticks and ethnopractices associated
with their management. It was envisaged that this would provide a basis
for further research on the efficacy of these practices that could also
lead to the discovery of useful tick-control agents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Non-alienating,
dialogic, participatory action research (PAR) and participatory rural
appraisal (PRA) approaches involving 272 women and men aged between 18
and 118 years from the Bukusu community were used.
RESULTS:
Ticks
are traditionally classified and identified by colour, size, host
range, on-host feeding sites, and habitat preference. Tick-associated
problems recognised include kamabumba (local reference to East Coast
fever, Anaplasmosis or Heartwater diseases transmitted by different
species of livestock ticks) and general poor performance of livestock.
Traditional methods of controlling ticks include handpicking, on-host
use of ethnobotanical suspensions (prepared from one or more of over 150
documented plants) to kill the ticks and prevent re-infestation,
fumigation of infested cattle with smoke derived from burning
ethnobotanical products, burning pastures, rotational grazing
ethnopractices, and livestock quarantine.
CONCLUSIONS:
The
study confirms that the Bukusu have preserved rich ethnoveterinary
knowledge and practices. It provides some groundwork for elucidating the
efficacy of some of these ethnopractices in protecting livestock from
tick disease vectors, particularly those involving the use of
ethnobotanicals, which may lead to the discovery of useful ant-tick
agents.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Nat Prod Res. 2014;28(24):2342-6. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.936016. Epub 2014 Jul 15.
Artemisia annua as a possible contraceptive agent: a clue from mammalian rat model.
Abstract
In
a previous study, we evaluated the maternal and fetal safety of
antimalarial herb Artemisia annua with artemisinin yield of 1.09%. Here,
we attempted to ascertain the contraceptive claim of A. annua. Sexually
matured female Wistar rats (180-220 g) were allotted into four study
groups of six rats each. The control group received normal saline, while
the A. annua-treated groups received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of A. annua
for 2 weeks, followed by mating with proven fertile males (1:1). The
rats were allowed to carry the pregnancy to term. At birth and weaning
periods, selected reproductive outcome and fertility indices were
determined. The results showed that A. annua significantly reduced
litter size, reproductive outcome and fertility indices compared with
the control (p < 0.05). These results imply that A. annua could
serve as a prospective contraceptive agent in addition to its
antimalarial activity.
KEYWORDS:
Artemisia annua; contraceptive effectiveness; fertility indices; reproductive outcome
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Seasonal variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cornus stolonifera plant material: Applications in agriculture
Isaak, C.K., Petkau, J.C., O, K., Ominski, K.H., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C., and Siow, Y.L. (2013). "Seasonal variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cornus stolonifera plant material: Applications in agriculture", Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 93(4), pp. 725-734. doi : 10.4141/CJPS2012-310
Access to full text
Abstract
The present study was carried out to establish the antioxidant capacity of plant material of Cornus stolonifera (syn. Cornus sericea,
Red Osier Dogwood) grown in Manitoba, by measuring total phenolic
content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) over a 3-yr
period. The presence and concentrations of flavonoids that might account
for antioxidant abilities were investigated using ultra-performance
liquid chromatography and a total anthocyanins assay. Both ORAC levels
and phenolic content increased during the spring, peaked during the
summer months (1631.65±166.30 µmol trolox equivalents g-1
DW in July 2011, 220.38±2.29 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 DW in
August 2012), and then declined during the fall in all 3 yr. Analysis of
individual flavonoids in 2010 samples revealed that high levels of
rutin, a glycoside of quercetin, were present ranging from 7.46±0.09
(July 2010) to 18.77±0.23 mg g-1 dried sample
(October 2010). Anthocyanin content was high in the spring, very low in
the summer months, and increased in the fall over all 3 yr. Although
polyphenolic and antioxidant content in Cornus spp. plants have
been largely attributed to their berries, results from this study
demonstrate that other plant material may also be an abundant source of
these compounds. |
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| Article: Medicinal property, phytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species (Euphorbia... |
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Carla W Sabandar, Norizan Ahmat, Faridahanim Mohd Jaafar...
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Phytochemistry 11/2012
Review
Medicinal property, phytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae): A review
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- doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.10.009
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Abstract
The genus Jatropha
(Euphorbiaceae) comprises of about 170 species of woody trees, shrubs,
subshrubs or herbs in the seasonally dry tropics of the Old and the New
World. They are used in medicinal folklore to cure various diseases of
80% of the human population in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Species
from this genus have been popular to cure stomachache, toothache,
swelling, inflammation, leprosy, dysentery, dyscrasia, vertigo, anemia,
diabetis, as well as to treat HIV and tumor, opthalmia, ringworm,
ulcers, malaria, skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma and as an
aphrodisiac. They are also employed as ornamental plants and energy
crops. Cyclic peptides alkaloids, diterpenes and miscellaneous compounds
have been reported from this genus. Extracts and pure compounds of
plants from this genus are reported for cytotoxicity, tumor-promoting,
antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, anticoagulant, immunomodulating,
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, protoscolicidal, insecticidal,
molluscicidal, inhibition AChE and toxicity activities.
Graphical abstract
Species from Jatropha
are used in medicinal folklore and known as a purgative. Crude extracts
and compounds such as cyclic peptide alkaloids, diterpenes with various
skeletons and other compounds from this genus have been reported for
cytotoxicity, tumor-promoting, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal,
anticoagulant, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
protoscolicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, inhibition AChE and
toxicity activities.
Highlights
► The medicinal property of several Jatropha
species are reviewed. ► The phytochemistry of mostly alkaloid cyclic
peptides and diterpenoids is presented. ► The biological activity of
crude extracts and pure compounds is succinctly discussed. ► The
relationship of medicinal property, biological activity and
phytochemistry is also described.
Keywords
- Euphorbiaceae;
- Jatropha;
- Medicinal properties;
- Phytochemical;
- Pharmacology
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Carla W. Sabandar
was born in 1985, graduated from Haluoleo University of Chemistry
Department in Indonesia, in 2009. After she received her Bachelor of
Science degree from Haluoleo University by Dr. Sahidin’s research
guidance, she moved to Malaysia in 2011 to further her study in M.Sc. by
research at Pharmacy Faculty of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. She is
also involved in natural product research with Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norizan
Ahmat from Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Malaysia. Her research focuses in the area of isolation of natural
products and biological activities (anti-platelet and anti-inflammation
agent of crude extracts and pure natural products).
Norizan Ahmat
is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA Malaysia. She obtained her degree in Chemistry from the
Arkansas State University, U.S.A in 1989. She received her M.Sc. in
Chemistry in 1995 and Ph.D in Natural Products Chemistry from the
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2008. In her current research, she is
interested in the chemistry and pharmacology of alkaloids, flavonoids
and resveratrol oligomers from plants in Malaysia especially from the
family of Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Gnetaceae. Her
multidisciplinary research includes collaborations with researchers
from Indonesia and Japan. She is a member of the GA Society for
Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research.
Faridahanim Mohd Jaafar
is a lecturer at the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi
MARA Malaysia. She obtained her B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Chemistry from
Western Illinois University, U.S.A in 1984 and 1986 respectively. Her
research interests includes the chemistry, structure elucidation and
pharmacological behavior of chemical compounds from Apocynaceae,
Annonaceae, and Rubiaceae plants in Malaysia especially the antimalarial
activity of phytochemical compounds to malaria parasites. She is a
member of the Malaysian Natural Products Society and Analytical Sciences
Society of Malaysia.
I. Sahidin
was born in 1969 and work at the Department of Pharmacy, Haluoleo
University, Kendari, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia as a lecturer. He
got his Ph.D from Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia in 2006 in
natural products chemistry. He visited as a Postdoctoral Researcher the
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2010 (Faculty of Sciences and
Technology and Institute of Biology Systems). In his research, Dr
Sahidin is interested in the chemical constituents of stilbenes from
Dipterocarpaceae, terpenoids from Jatropha and phenolic compounds from Polygonaceae and their biological activities.
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