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Original Article
In vitro anti-oxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa root extracts
- Received 10 July 2012, Accepted 1 October 2012, Available online 14 February 2013
ABSTRACT
Background: The present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant activity of the Ruellia tuberosa (Acanthaceae) roots. Materials and Methods: Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power by FeCl3.
The methanolic extract (ME), water extract (WE), ethyl acetate extract
(EAE) and ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract (EAFME) of root
were tested. The Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. Total
phenolic and total flavonoid content were also determined by
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and complementary colorimetric methods (aluminum
chloride method and 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method respectively. Results:
The EAFME of root showed the highest concentration of phenolic,
flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power.
The various extract showed a significant anti-oxidant activity when (P
< 0.05) compared with standard. Conclusion: It is concluded that the R tuberosa root possess anti-oxidant activity. Further studies are suggested to isolate the active principle responsible for the activity.
Keywords
- Anti-oxidant activity;
- DPPH free radical scavenging activity;
- Ruellia tuberosa;
- total phenolic.
- Daya
L. Chothani, Assistant professor B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy College
Polytechnic campus, Nr. Aji Dam Rajkot, Gujarat (India) E-mail:
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Parasitology. 2014 Feb;141(2):164-80. doi: 10.1017/S0031182013001364. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Developing
a rapid throughput screen for detection of nematicidal activity of
plant cysteine proteinases: the role of Caenorhabditis elegans
cystatins.
Abstract
Plant
cysteine proteinases (CPs) from papaya (Carica papaya) are capable of
killing parasitic nematode worms in vitro and have been shown to possess
anthelmintic effects in vivo. The acute damage reported in
gastrointestinal parasites has not been found in free-living nematodes
such as Caenorhabditis elegans nor among the free-living stages of
parasitic nematodes. This apparent difference in susceptibility might be
the result of active production of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (such
as cystatins) by the free-living stages or species. To test this
possibility, a supernatant extract of refined papaya latex (PLS) with
known active enzyme content was used. The effect on wild-type (Bristol
N2) and cystatin null mutant (cpi-1(-/-) and cpi-2(-/-)) C. elegans was
concentration-, temperature- and time-dependent. Cysteine proteinases
digested the worm cuticle leading to release of internal structures and
consequent death. Both cystatin null mutant strains were highly
susceptible to PLS attack irrespective of the temperature and
concentration of exposure, whereas wild-type N2 worms were generally
resistant but far more susceptible to attack at low temperatures. PLS
was able to induce elevated cpi-1 and cpi-2 cystatin expression. We
conclude that wild-type C. elegans deploy cystatins CPI-1 and CPI-2 to
resist CP attack. The results suggest that the cpi-1 or cpi-2 null
mutants (or a double mutant combination of the two) could provide a
cheap and effective rapid throughput C. elegans-based assay for
screening plant CP extracts for anthelmintic activity.
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Review
Trends in Pharmacognosy: A modern science of natural medicines
Abstract
Natural
medicines have been used to enhance human and veterinary health since
time immemorial and the success of modern medical science largely
depends on drugs originally obtained from natural resources. In the
past, traditional medicinal knowledge prevalent in the form of holy
books, incantations, folklores, Materia Medica and other historical
literature defined the preliminary guidelines for the authorization of
plant derived natural medicines. The conventional medical practices
adopted for identification and authentication of natural remedies
eventually framed the botanico-chemical approach to Pharmacognosy during
the early 19th century. However, the last 200 years witnessed a
substantial metamorphosis in the principles and practices of
Pharmacognosy and it has become an essential domain of modern
pharmaceutical science as a multidisciplinary high-tech science of
natural medicines. In a contemporary context, the systematic study of
natural medicines in terms of purity, potency, consistency and safety
have become the major issues in Pharmacognosy. Moreover, most of the
present day's drug discoveries have been increasingly adopting
traditional medicine based approaches to increase results and to address
safety concerns. Thus, Clinical Pharmacognosy, Analytical Pharmacognosy
and Industrial Pharmacognosy have been established as the specialized
and professional offshoots of Pharmacognosy to meet the contemporary
advancements in the field of Pharmacognosy. Furthermore, Molecular
Pharmacognosy, Genomic Pharmacognosy and Metabolomic Pharmacognosy have
been deemed as the promising approaches of Pharmacognosy research to
accommodate future demands in molecular biology, biotechnology and
analytical chemistry of natural medicines plus medicinal plants.
Nevertheless, interdisciplinary collaborative research programmes are
essential for integrated development of traditional medicines and
Pharmacognosy research and education.
Keywords
- Pharmacognosy;
- Traditional medicine;
- Natural medicine;
- Herbal medicine;
- Materia medica;
- Pharmaceutical sciences
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/.../53%20IFRJ%2021%20(06)%202014%20Gupt...
Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and its potential as food bio-preservative. Abstract. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is used |
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