Persistent organic pollutants as predictors of increased FSH:LH ratio in naturally cycling, reproductive age women.(Article)

Environmental ResearchVolume 164, July 2018, Pages 556-564 Gallo, M.V.a,b,cEmail Author, Ravenscroft, J.a, Carpenter, D.O.b,c, Schell, L.M.a,b,c,d, Akwesasne Task Force on the Environmente View Correspondence (jump link) aUniversity at Albany, Department of Anthropology, A&S 237, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY, United States bCenter for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany-SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY, United States cInstitute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, United States dUniversity at Albany, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, One University Place, Room 131, Rensselaer, NY, United States eAkwesasne Task Force on the Environment, Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, Akwesasne, NY, United States Hide additional affiliations Abstract View references (86) Although several recent studies suggest endocrine disrupting compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′, DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), target different organs and systems in the body, their impact on female reproductive function in humans is not well characterized. We seek to determine the relationship between several known endocrine disrupting compounds and a marker of ovarian responsivity, the FSH:LH ratio (higher ratio indicates less ovarian responsivity). For this analysis, 169 naturally cycling women between 21 and 38 years of age completed interviews and had their blood drawn on day 3 of their menstrual cycle for analyses of toxicants, gonadal sex hormones (E2 and P4), and gonadotropins (FSH and LH). PCB congeners were classified into five groups based on their environmental persistence, distribution in human tissue, and toxicological action, reflecting the structure, mechanism, and known biological activity of individual PCB congeners. For every unit (ppb) increase in the level of the estrogenic PCB group, there was a 5-fold greater risk of a FSH:LH ratio ≥ 2, controlling for individual differences in age, percent body fat, cycle day 3 estradiol levels, parity, alcohol use and cigarette smoking in the past year (exp[ß] = 5; p = ≤0.01). PCB congeners identified as estrogenic were analyzed individually, and, of the 19 potentially estrogenic congeners, five were significantly, and positively related to an increased FSH:LH ratio. Four of these congeners are non-persistent, easily volatilize in the environment, and are easily metabolized, and hence, are indicative of very recent or current exposure. p,p′-DDE and HCB were not associated with FSH:LH ratio. We find a clinical indicator of ovarian responsivity, FSH:LH ratio, is associated with a specific group of estrogenic PCBs. These congeners may become airborne when they volatilize from dredged PCB-contaminated soil or from indoor PCB-containing window caulk and sealants in older buildings leading to inhalation exposure. PCB exposure, particularly to non-persistent, estrogenic congeners, may pose an unrecognized threat to female fecundity within the general population. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Author keywords Endocrine disrupting chemicalsFollicle stimulating hormoneFSHFSH:LH ratioHCBLHLuteinizing hormoneMohawkNative AmericanOvarian responsivityp,p′-DDEPCBsPersistent organic pollutantsPolychlorinated biphenyls Indexed keywords EMTREE drug terms: 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylenecholesterolestradiolfollitropingonadotropinhexachlorobenzeneluteinizing hormonepolychlorinated biphenylprogesteronetriacylglycerol GEOBASE Subject Index: bloodDDEendocrine disruptorhexachlorobenzenehormonePCBpersistent organic pollutantquestionnaire surveyreproductionwomens health EMTREE medical terms: adultalcohol consumptionArticlebiological activitybody fatcholesterol blood levelcigarette smokingclinical chemistryclinical indicatorcontrolled studyestradiol blood levelfemalefollicular phasefollitropin blood levelgonadotropin blood levelhumanhuman tissuelimit of detectionluteinizing hormone blood levelmenstrual cycleparitypersistent organic pollutantphysical activitypriority journalprogesterone blood levelreproductive healthreproductive toxicitytissue distributiontoxicity testingtriacylglycerol blood level Chemicals and CAS Registry Numbers: 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene, 72-55-9; cholesterol, 57-88-5; estradiol, 50-28-2; follitropin, 9002-68-0; gonadotropin, 63231-54-9; hexachlorobenzene, 118-74-1, 55600-34-5; luteinizing hormone, 39341-83-8, 9002-67-9; progesterone, 57-83-0 ISSN: 00139351 CODEN: ENVRA Source Type: Journal Original language: English DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.021 Document Type: Article Publisher: Academic Press Inc. 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