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Monday 10 December 2018

RECENT CHANGES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN EUROPEAN WILDLIFE.

J Wildl Dis. 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.7589/2017-07-172. [Epub ahead of print] Yon L1, Duff JP2, Ågren EO3, Erdélyi K4, Ferroglio E5, Godfroid J6, Hars J7, Hestvik G3, Horton D8, Kuiken T9, Lavazza A10, Markowska-Daniel I11, Martel A12, Neimanis A3, Pasmans F12, Price S13, Ruiz-Fons F14, Ryser-Degiorgis MP15, Widén F3, Gavier-Widén D3. Author information 1 1   School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK, Orcid ID#0000-0002-9765-3192. 2 2   Animal and Plant Health Agency Diseases of Wildlife Scheme, (APHA DoWS), Penrith, Cumbria CA11 9RR, UK. 3 3   National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE75189 Uppsala, Sweden. 4 4   Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate - National Food Chain Safety Office, Tabornok u.2, 1143, Budapest, Hungary. 5 5   University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 (già Via L. DaVinci, 44)- 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Torino, Italy. 6 6   University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Postbox 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 7 7   Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 all Bethleem, 38610 Gieres, France. 8 8   University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK. 9 9   Erasmus University Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 10 10   Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. 11 11   Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. 159c Noworsynowska Str., 02776 Warsaw, Poland. 12 12   Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University. Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium. 13 13   UCL Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. 14 14   Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC, Ronda de Toledo s/n 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain. 15 15   Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Langgass-str. 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland. Abstract Many infectious diseases originating from, or carried by, wildlife affect wildlife conservation and biodiversity, livestock health, or human health. We provide an update on changes in the epidemiology of 25 selected infectious, wildlife-related diseases in Europe (from 2010-16) that had an impact, or may have a future impact, on the health of wildlife, livestock, and humans. These pathogens were selected based on their: 1) identification in recent Europe-wide projects as important surveillance targets, 2) inclusion in European Union legislation as pathogens requiring obligatory surveillance, 3) presence in recent literature on wildlife-related diseases in Europe since 2010, 4) inclusion in key pathogen lists released by the Office International des Epizooties, 5) identification in conference presentations and informal discussions on a group email list by a European network of wildlife disease scientists from the European Wildlife Disease Association, or 6) identification as pathogens with changes in their epidemiology during 2010-16. The wildlife pathogens or diseases included in this review are: avian influenza virus, seal influenza virus, lagoviruses, rabies virus, bat lyssaviruses, filoviruses, canine distemper virus, morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals, bluetongue virus, West Nile virus, hantaviruses, Schmallenberg virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, African swine fever virus, amphibian ranavirus, hepatitis E virus, bovine tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium bovis), tularemia ( Francisella tularensis), brucellosis ( Brucella spp.), salmonellosis ( Salmonella spp.), Coxiella burnetii, chytridiomycosis, Echinococcus multilocularis, Leishmania infantum, and chronic wasting disease. Further work is needed to identify all of the key drivers of disease change and emergence, as they appear to be influencing the incidence and spread of these pathogens in Europe. We present a summary of these recent changes during 2010-16 to discuss possible commonalities and drivers of disease change and to identify directions for future work on wildlife-related diseases in Europe. Many of the pathogens are entering Europe from other continents while others are expanding their ranges inside and beyond Europe. Surveillance for these wildlife-related diseases at a continental scale is therefore important for planet-wide assessment, awareness of, and preparedness for the risks they may pose to wildlife, domestic animal, and human health. KEYWORDS: Emerging disease; Europe; epidemiology; human health; livestock health; pathogen; wildlife health PMID: 30284963 DOI: 10.7589/2017-07-172 Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on Google+