- 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: lucija.peterlin@ffa.uni-lj.si.
Abstract
Structural
analogs of bisphenol A are commonly used as its alternatives in
industrial and commercial applications. Nevertheless, the question
arises whether the use of other bisphenols is justified as replacements
for bisphenol A in mass production of plastic materials. To evaluate the
influence of metabolic reactions on endocrine activities of bisphenols,
we conducted a systematic review of the literature. Knowledge about the
metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in metabolic biotransformations
is essential for understanding and predicting mechanisms of toxicity.
Bisphenols are metabolized predominantly by the glucuronidation
reaction, which is considered their most important detoxification
pathway, as based on current knowledge, glucuronides do not have
activity on endocrine receptors. In contrast, several oxidative
metabolites of bisphenols with enhanced endocrine activities are
presented, and these findings indicate that oxidative metabolites of
bisphenols can still have endocrine activities in humans.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
BPA analogs; Bisphenol A; Endocrine toxicity; Glucuronidation; Hormone disruptors; Oxidative metabolism
