High species diversity of trichostrongyle parasite communities within and between Western Canadian commercial and conservation bison herds revealed by nemabiome metabarcoding.

Parasit Vectors. 2018 May 15;11(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2880-y. Avramenko RW1, Bras A2,3, Redman EM4, Woodbury MR5, Wagner B6, Shury T7, Liccioli S8, Windeyer MC2, Gilleard JS4. Author information 1 Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. rwavrame@ucalgary.ca. 2 Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 3 Present address: Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd., Okotoks, Alberta, Canada. 4 Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 5 Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 6 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 7 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 8 Grasslands National Park, Parks Canada, Val Marie, Saskatchewan, Canada. Abstract BACKGROUND: Many trichostrongylid nematode species are reported to infect bison, some of which are major causes of disase and production loss in North American bison herds. However, there is little information on the species distribution and relative abundance of these parasites in either commercial or conservation herds. This is largely because trichostrongylid nematode species cannot be distinguished by visual microscopic examination of eggs present in feces. Consequently, we have applied ITS2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding to describe the trichostrongyle parasite species diversity in 58 bison production groups derived from 38 commercial North American plains bison (Bison bison bison) herds from across western Canada, and two bison conservation herds located in Elk Island National Park (EINP) [plains bison and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)] and one in Grasslands National Park (GNP) (plains bison). RESULTS: We report much higher infection intensities and parasite species diversity in commercial bison herds than previously reported in beef cattle herds grazing similar latitudes. Predominant trichostrongyle parasite species in western Canadian commercial bison herds are those commonly associated with Canadian cattle, with Ostertagia ostertagi being the most abundant followed by Cooperia oncophora. Combined with high fecal egg counts in many herds, this is consistent with significant clinical and production-limiting gastrointestinal parasitism in western Canadian bison herds. However, Haemonchus placei was the most abundant species in five of the production groups. This is both surprising and important, as this highly pathogenic blood-feeding parasite has not been reported at such abundance, in any livestock species, at such northerly latitudes. The presence of Trichostrongylus axei as the most abundant parasite in four herds is also unusual, relative to cattle. There were striking differences in parasite communities between the EINP and commercial bison herds. Most notably, Orloffia bisonis was the predominant species in the wood bison herd despite being found at only low levels in all other herds surveyed. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the most comprehensive description of parasite communities in North American bison to date and illustrates the power of deep amplicon sequencing as a tool to study species diversity in gastrointestinal nematode communities. KEYWORDS: Bison; Cooperia oncophora; Haemonchus placei; Metabarcoding; Nemabiome; Nematodes; Ostertagia ostertagi PMID: 29764472 PMCID: PMC5952520 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2880-y Free PMC Article