Plant Ecology & Diversity |
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Original Articles
- DOI:
- 10.1080/17550874.2015.1060643
- Received: 6 May 2014
- Accepted: 7 Jun 2015
- Published online: 22 Jun 2015
Abstract
Background:
The adobe bricks of old buildings can preserve diaspores of cultivated
and weed species associated with arable fields. Recovery of these plant
remains can provide insight into historical agriculture, and former weed
flora.
Aims: This study aims to describe and
evaluate the changes in the weed flora in south-western Hungary, based
on archaeobotanical findings and contemporary plot surveys.Methods: Plant remains of 51 adobe bricks dating from 1850 to 1950 were identified in south-western Hungary and compared with the flora of 104 plots from the same region.
Results: A total of 276 species were identified from the adobe bricks, while the present-day plot survey yielded 305 species. A significant difference was found between the historical (60- to 160-year-old) and current species richness of the weed flora. The proportion of rare and threatened species decreased by 38.1%. A total of 142 weed species identified from the adobe bricks have declined, and 40 of them even disappeared in comparison with the contemporary surveys. Today, in Hungary and neighbouring countries, more than 80 of these species are rare or threatened and some of them are extinct or critically endangered.
Conclusions:
Our findings show that many weed species that flourished in the early
twentieth century have declined. This is most likely due to the
intensive management practices of cultivated fields and the spread of
invasive neophyte taxa. We showed that analysing the botanical
information preserved in adobe bricks is a reliable method that can
provide evidence of long-term changes in weed flora.
