a
Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Center for Integrative
Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
b Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Herbarium (KUN), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
b Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Herbarium (KUN), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Abstract
Tropical and
subtropical amphi-Pacific disjunction is among the most fascinating
distribution patterns, but received little attention. Here we use the
fossil-rich Cinnamomum group, a primarily tropical and subtropical Asian
lineage with some species distributed in Neotropics, Australasia and
Africa to shed light upon this disjunction pattern. Phylogenetic and
biogeographic analyses were carried out using sequences of three nuclear
loci from 94 Cinnamomum group and 13 outgroup samples. Results show
that although there are three clades within a monophyletic Cinnamomum
group, Cinnamomum and previously recognized subdivisions within this
genus were all rejected as natural groups. The Cinnamomum group appears
to have originated in the widespread boreotropical paleoflora of
Laurasia during the early Eocene (ca. 55. Ma). The formation and breakup
of the boreotropics seems to have then played a key role in the
formation of intercontinental disjunctions within the Cinnamomum group.
The first cooling interval (50-48. Ma) in the late early Eocene resulted
in a floristic discontinuity between Eurasia and North America causing
the tropical and subtropical amphi-Pacific disjunction. The second
cooling interval in the mid-Eocene (42-38. Ma) resulted in the
fragmentation of the boreotropics within Eurasia, leading to an
African-Asian disjunction. Multiple dispersal events from North into
South America occurred from the early Eocene to late Miocene and a
single migration event from Asia into Australia appears to have occurred
in the early Miocene. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Author keywords
Amphi-Pacific disjunction; Biogeography; Boreotropical paleoflora; Cinnamomum group; Lauraceae; Molecular phylogeny
ISSN: 10557903
CODEN: MPEVESource Type: Journal
Original language: English
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.007Document Type: Article
Publisher: Academic Press Inc.
Funding Details
Number; Acronym; Sponsor: 31200167; NSFC; National Natural Science Foundation of China
Number; Acronym; Sponsor: 31370245; NSFC; National Natural Science Foundation of China
Number; Acronym; Sponsor: 31370245; NSFC; National Natural Science Foundation of China
