Planta Med 2016; 81(S 01): S1-S381
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1596985
Abstracts
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
H Ayrle1, M Mevissen2, M Melzig3, M Kaske4, M Walkenhorst1
- 1Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
- 2Division
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department Clinical Research
and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern,
Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- 3Dahlem
Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität
Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- 4Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
In
calves stressors like weaning, transportation and a new environment
with unknown antigens, lead to an impairment of the premature immune
system and respiratory diseases. The application of Echinacea purpurea
(L.) Moench (EP) could be a preventive measure, but clinical studies in
calves are missing. The aim of this study is the estimation of oral
dosages of EP (in g drug equivalent (g de)) for calves. Based on a
systematic review [1], 48 studies were identified for EP. Peer-reviewed in vitro, in vivo
and clinical studies, published in the years 1994 – 2014 in English or
German were considered. In 20 studies no conclusion on used dosage could
be drawn due to a lack of given data. A number of 26 studies could
prove beneficial effects of EP on the immune system, whilst 8 couldn't.
The median used concentration of the 10 in vitro
studies was 0,16 (min:0,002; max 50)mg de EP/ml. To include data from
studies with living mammals, a conversion via metabolic body weight
(MBW) was conducted. For 18 studies with living mammals (humans: 9;
laboratory rodents: 4; horses, dogs, pigs, sheep: 5) the amount of used
de in g/kg MBW per day could be determined. In studies proving evidence,
used dosages range between 0,005 and 53,75 (median: 1,84; 25% quartile:
0,57; 75% quartile: 8,97)g de EP/day estimated for a 60 kg calf
(disproving studies: min: 0,844; median: 1,69; max: 12,47) (fig. 1).
Duration of application ranges between 5 and 60 days in studies proving
evidence for EP, and 10 to 56 days in disproving studies. Dosages from
current studies were compared with standard literature [2 – 5] (fig 1).
For studies of pharmacodynamic and clinical trials we propose to use
dosages of 0,2 – 20 g de EP/day/60 kg calf in pharmaceutical quality and
with known phytochemical composition for a duration of 7 – 30 days. To
conclude, clinical trials in calves are needed to define effective
dosages of EP.