Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Oct;75 Suppl 1:S52. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.824. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Abstract
Psychiatric
disorders, especially mood disorders in children and adolescent are
serious problem of all over the world in the field of child and
adolescent psychiatry. In the recent years mood disorders occur in the
earlier age. The prevalence of major depression (MD) is about 1-2% in
preadolescent children and 3-8% in adolescents. When the major
depression is not treated there is a big risk of worsening of symptoms,
risk of suicide and development of comorbid disorders. The quality of
life of the patient and its family is decreasing in the whole view. The
molecular basis of major depression is not well known. The main
pathomechanism of MD is in noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic
pathway dysregulation, nutition factors, which can influence structure
and metabolism of lipids. It was found decreased level of omega 3 fatty
aids (FA), increased ratio of omega 6/omega 3 FA in the serum and in erythrocyte membrane. It is supposed that the oxidative neuronal injury can be prevented by dietary supplementation of antioxidants and that membrane
phospholipids can be repaired by dietary supplementation of fatty
acids. Omega-3 fatty acids may also participate in modulation of membrane fluidity, which influences the transmission of neurotransmitters. The membrane
fluidity is affected by the ratio of phospholipids to free cholesterol.
In addition, activation of the inflammatory response was found in
depressive patients through increased production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, interferon gamma, TNF-alpha) and eicosanoids
(prostaglandin E2) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. This results in
increased lipid peroxidation and degradation of polyunsaturated fatty
acids, which may result in increased oxidative stress. Omega-3 fatty
acids also stimulate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) or inhibit the
cyclooxygenase, platelet aggregation and formation of eicosanoids. The
potential molecular mechanisms will be discussed.
Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.
