Volume 210, 1 November 2016, Pages 623–630
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- b Department Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
- c Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra, 11241 Cairo, Egypt
- Received 8 March 2016, Revised 3 May 2016, Accepted 4 May 2016, Available online 6 May 2016
Highlights
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- First report of odorants by AEDA in Germany rainbow trout aquacultural water.
- •
- Orthonasal sensory evaluation and instrumental investigation of odour substances.
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- Identification of 47 odour-active constituents in samples.
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- Potent odours include furaneol, vanillin, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, and skatole.
Abstract
Comprehensive
analyses were accomplished to explore the odorous molecules responsible
for off-odour development in earthen-ponds rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
aquaculture farming in Germany. In this part of the study, water
odorants were extracted using solvent-assisted flavour evaporation
(SAFE); then, extracts were analysed by one- and two- dimensional high
resolution gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry and mass
spectrometry using two columns with different polarity (DB-FFAP and
DB-5). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of the solvent extract
samples revealed 54 odorants, and 47 of them were identified. In this
study, a series of compounds is described for the first time in German
earthen-ponds rainbow trout aquaculture water including, amongst others,
4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol), vanillin, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal,
4-ethyloctanoic acid, 3-methylindole (skatole), 5α-androst-16-en-3-one
(androstenone), and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol. Moreover, the sensory
experiment indicated that (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, (E,E)-2,4-octadienal, and 1-octen-3-one are the main contributors to the metallic, cucumber, and mushroom notes of the samples.
Keywords
- Aroma extract dilution analysis;
- Solvent-assisted flavour evaporation;
- Gas chromatography-olfactometry;
- Odour-active compounds;
- Off-odour;
- Rainbow trout
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