Food Research International
Volume 86, August 2016, Pages 24–33
- a UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- b Postgraduate Program of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Received 9 February 2016, Revised 28 April 2016, Accepted 8 May 2016, Available online 12 May 2016
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.007
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Highlights
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- The bioactive compounds of C. solanaceum extracts were reported for the first time.
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- Antioxidant compounds of C. solanaceum are effective against ROS and RNS.
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- Verbascoside was the major phenolic compound of C. solanaceum extracts.
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- C. solanaceum may be used as source of antioxidant compounds with health benefits.
Abstract
Citharexylum solanaceum
is a native fruit from Brazil, which both bioactive compounds and
antioxidant potential were not yet investigated. Thus, the freeze-dried
extracts of seed and pulp + skin of C. solanaceum fruits were
obtained after solid-liquid extraction with ethanol and their bioactive
compounds composition, namely phenolic compounds and carotenoids, were
determined. The antioxidant capacity of both extracts against
physiologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) was further investigated. Both C. solanaceum
extracts showed high contents of phenolic compounds; however,
pulp + skin extract presented 2.4-times more phenolic compounds
(33.54 mg/g) than the seed extract (14.09 mg/g). Verbascoside
(phenylpropanoid) was the major compound identified in both extracts
(11–25 mg/g). Regarding the carotenoid composition, all-trans-lutein (14–42 μg/g) and all-trans-β-carotene
(13–44 μg/g) were the major compounds in both extracts. The high
content of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in pulp + skin extract
might explain its higher scavenging capacity against all the ROS/RNS as
compared to seed extract. In general, both extracts showed better
scavenging capacity for the RNS than for the ROS. Our results indicate
that C. solanaceum fruits can be explored as an important natural source of antioxidant compounds.
Graphical abstract
Chemical compounds studied in this article
- Verbascoside (PubChem CID: 5281800);
- Naringenin (PubChem CID: 932);
- p-Coumaric acid (PubChem CID:637542);
- Quercetin hydrate (PubChem CID: 16212154)
Keywords
- Verbenaceae;
- Phenolic compounds;
- Phenylpropanoid glycosides;
- Carotenoids;
- Antioxidant capacity
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