Delivery of floral resources and pollination services on farmland under three different wildlife-friendly schemes

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

Volume 220, March 15, 2016, Pages 142-151

  (Article)

Hardman, C.J.^a , 

Norris, K.^b, 

Nevard, T.D.^c, 

Hughes, B.^d, 

Potts, S.G.^a

 

^a  Centre for Agri Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
^b  Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, United Kingdom
^c  Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia 

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Abstract

Management that enhances floral resources can be an effective way to support pollinators and pollination services. Some wildlife-friendly farming schemes aim to enhance the density and diversity of floral resources in non-crop habitats on farms, whilst managing crop fields intensively. Others, such as organic farming, aim to support ecological processes within both crop and non-crop habitats. How effective these different approaches are for supporting pollination services at the farm scale is unknown. We compared organic farming with two non-organic wildlife-friendly farming schemes: one prescriptive (Conservation Grade, CG) and one flexible (Entry Level Stewardship, ELS), and sampled a representative selection of crop and non-crop habitats. We investigated the spatial distribution and overall level of: (i) flower density and diversity, (ii) pollinator density and diversity and (iii) pollination services provided to Californian poppy (Eschscholzia californica) potted phytometer plants. Organic crop habitats supported a higher density of flowers, insect-wildflower visits, and fruit set of phytometers than CG or ELS crop habitats. Non-crop habitats supported a higher density of flowers and insect-flower visits than crop habitats on CG and ELS farms. Pollination services were higher on organic farms overall compared to CG or ELS. Pollinator diversity and density did not differ between schemes, at the point or farm level. CG farms received the highest total number of insect-wildflower visits. The findings support organic farming practices that increase floral resources in crop habitats, such as sowing clover or reduced herbicide usage, as mechanisms to enhance pollination services. However trade-offs with other ecosystem services are likely and these are discussed. The findings support the CG scheme as a way of supporting pollinators within farms where high wheat yields are required. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Author keywords

Agri-environment scheme; Bees; Ecosystem services; Flowers; Organic farming; Phytometer; Pollinator

Indexed keywords

Species Index: Apoidea; Eschscholzia californica; Hexapoda; Trifolium; Triticum aestivum

ISSN: 01678809 CODEN: AEENDSource Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.015Document Type: Article

Publisher: Elsevier

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  Hardman, C.J.; Centre for Agri Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, United Kingdom; email:chloehardman@gmail.com
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