Veterinary Parasitology
Available online 16 December 2016
In Press, Accepted Manuscript — Note to users
Research paper
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brazil
- b Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos Continentais Amazônicos (PPG-RACAM), Universidade do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, PA, Brazil
- d Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Received 10 August 2016, Revised 1 December 2016, Accepted 16 December 2016, Available online 16 December 2016
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Highlights
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- Anti-helminthic activity of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum is dose-dependent.
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- Lippia sidoides killed the parasites after 10 min in the in vitro trial.
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- Parasites exposed to water died after 8 h in the in vitro immobilization test.
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- Lippia sidoides causes anesthetic effect in fish and gills histopathological alterations.
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro antiparasitic activity of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and blood and histological alterations were assessed in Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui). Essential oil concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/L were assayed in vitro against monogenoideans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri from fish gills. Lippia sidoides
essential oil concentrations of 320 and 160 mg/L were 100% effective
against monogenoideans in 10 min and 1 h of exposure, respectively.
However, the effectiveness of 100% concentrations of 80 mg/L and 40 mg/L
occurred in 3 and 6 h, respectively. In the in vivo tests, juvenile fish were submitted to 60 min of baths with 10 mg/L and 15 min of baths with 20 mg/L of the essential oil of L. sidoides. These therapeutic baths were not efficient against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and monogenoideans present in the gills of C. macropomum. In addition, 10 and 20 mg/L of the essential oil of L. sidoides
caused an anesthetic effect on the fish and did not influence total
glucose and protein plasma levels; however, it decreased the number of
total erythrocytes in fish exposed to the higher concentration of this
essential oil. Severe alterations and irreversible damage were observed
in the fish gills just after L. sidoides essential oil baths
and after 24 h of recovery. The most recurrent lesions found were
hyperplasia and fusion of the lamellar epithelium, vasodilation,
detachment of the gill epithelium and lamellar aneurism, epithelial
breakdown with hemorrhage, congestion, edema and necrosis, proliferation
of the mucous cells and chloride cells and lamellar hypertrophy.
Therefore, since the essential oil of L. sidoides has in vitro
antiparasitic activity and low concentrations of it have shown toxic
effects, the bioactive potential of its main chemical components should
be investigated, as well as more efficient forms of its administration
in therapeutic baths in order to eliminate fish parasites.
Keywords
- Monogenoidea;
- Parasites;
- Medicinal plant;
- Blood;
- Tambaqui
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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