Vet Q. 2014;34(4):185-93. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2014.968939. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
Effect
of mucoprotective plant-derived therapies on damage to colonic mucosa
caused by carprofen and robenacoxib administered to healthy dogs for 21
days.
- 1a Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration , University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn , Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause gastrointestinal damage in dogs.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES:
To
determine the extent to which lansoprazole, liquorice extract, and a
herbal solution exhibit protective effects on colonic mucosa when
administered to dogs concurrently with the NSAIDs carprofen or
robenacoxib.
ANIMALS AND METHODS:
Thirty-five
healthy beagle dogs (15 male and 20 female) aged 13-14 weeks and
weighing 4.3-5.5 kg at the beginning of the experiment were included.
Endoscopy and biopsy of the caudal gastrointestinal tract were performed
pretreatment and on the last day of a 21-day treatment period with (1)
oral carprofen; (2) carprofen and the proton-pump inhibitor
lansoprazole; (3) carprofen, liquorice extract, and a herbal solution
that contained extracts of thyme, icelandic lichen, hyssop, and
saponariae root; (4) robenacoxib; (5) robenacoxib and lansoprazole; (6)
robenacoxib, liquorice extract, and herbal solution; or (7) an empty
gelatin capsule. Statistical analyses were performed with the
Kruskal-Wallis, Cochran's Q, and chi-squared test with p < 0.05
considered significant.
RESULTS:
Both
carprofen and robenacoxib tested damaged the colonic mucosa with most
severe microscopic lesions following administration of robenacoxib with
lansoprazole. The risk of histopathological lesions in the colon
increased most rapidly in robenacoxib with lansoprazole (absolute risk
increase -0.85) similar to robenacoxib only (-0.75), whereas the best
result was recorded following the plant remedies together with carprofen
(-0.15) and the plant remedies together with robenacoxib (-0.2).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE:
Concurrent
administration of liquorice extract and an herbal solution with
robenacoxib was associated with decreased severity of the NSAID-induced
mucosal lesions.
KEYWORDS:
adverse effect; canine; carprofen; colon; dog; herbal treatment; lansoprazole; robenacoxib
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In vivo anthelmintic efficacy of Aloe ferox, Agave sisalana, and Gunnera perpensa in village chickens naturally infected with Heterakis gallinarum.
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the anthelmintic efficacy of Aloe ferox, Agave sisalana, and Gunnera perpensa against Heterakis gallinarum in
village chickens. The chickens naturally infected with H. gallinarum
were randomly divided into 14 groups of eight chickens and orally
administered distilled water (negative control), mebendazole (positive
control), and graded levels (50-, 100-, 200-, and 400-mg/kg doses) of
the three plant extracts. At days 0, 7, and 14, the floatation technique
was used to determine fecal egg counts and H. gallinarum worms from
chicken ceca were counted at days 0 and 14. Egg count reduction
percentage (ECR%) was high at day 7 for all the test materials except
for A. sisalana (100 mg/kg) that had 33%. At day 14, ECR% was high for
all the other test materials save for A. ferox (200 mg/kg), mebendazole, and distilled water which was 50, 32, and 50%, respectively. A. ferox
(200 mg/kg), G. perpensa (200 and 400 mg/kg), and A. sisalana (50 and
100 mg/kg) had the highest (85, 78, 74, 86, and 73%, respectively) worm
count reduction percentage. The plants had anthelmintic properties. Advocacy and utilization of these plants in
improving the health of village chickens could lead to increased
productivity, boosting profits for the poultry industry thereby enabling
it to meet the supply of animal protein and enhance livelihoods. It is
imperative to determine compounds in the crude extracts of these medicinal plants which are responsible for the anthelmintic activities and their mechanism of action.
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Review
Trends in Pharmacognosy: A modern science of natural medicines
- doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2013.06.001
Abstract
Natural
medicines have been used to enhance human and veterinary health since
time immemorial and the success of modern medical science largely
depends on drugs originally obtained from natural resources. In the
past, traditional medicinal knowledge prevalent in the form of holy
books, incantations, folklores, Materia Medica and other historical
literature defined the preliminary guidelines for the authorization of
plant derived natural medicines. The conventional medical practices
adopted for identification and authentication of natural remedies
eventually framed the botanico-chemical approach to Pharmacognosy during
the early 19th century. However, the last 200 years witnessed a
substantial metamorphosis in the principles and practices of
Pharmacognosy and it has become an essential domain of modern
pharmaceutical science as a multidisciplinary high-tech science of
natural medicines. In a contemporary context, the systematic study of
natural medicines in terms of purity, potency, consistency and safety
have become the major issues in Pharmacognosy. Moreover, most of the
present day's drug discoveries have been increasingly adopting
traditional medicine based approaches to increase results and to address
safety concerns. Thus, Clinical Pharmacognosy, Analytical Pharmacognosy
and Industrial Pharmacognosy have been established as the specialized
and professional offshoots of Pharmacognosy to meet the contemporary
advancements in the field of Pharmacognosy. Furthermore, Molecular
Pharmacognosy, Genomic Pharmacognosy and Metabolomic Pharmacognosy have
been deemed as the promising approaches of Pharmacognosy research to
accommodate future demands in molecular biology, biotechnology and
analytical chemistry of natural medicines plus medicinal plants.
Nevertheless, interdisciplinary collaborative research programmes are
essential for integrated development of traditional medicines and
Pharmacognosy research and education.
Keywords
- Pharmacognosy;
- Traditional medicine;
- Natural medicine;
- Herbal medicine;
- Materia medica;
- Pharmaceutical sciences
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Use of herbal preparations among parturient women: Is there enough evidence - A review of literature
Author(s): Shanthi Ramasubramaniam, Lakshmi Renganathan, Vijayalakshmi G, Ma.Visitacion Mallo-Banatao
Abstract:There is evidence that more and more women use herbs and or its preparations during labor. This
paper reviewed the commonly used herbs / herbal preparations among
parturient women and investigated if enough evidence is available on
the safety and efficacy of using herbs during labor. A review of
articles published between January 1997-2014 June was carried out. The
electronic data bases were searched and nine studies were identified
potentially relevant. All the nine studies reviewed showed that
raspberry either in the form of leaves or tablets was the most common
herb used in western countries. Caulophyllum was the next common herb
used. All the herbs were used either for the purpose of tonning the
uterine muscles or stimulate uterine contractions. The studies also
reported no adverse effects were reported while using the herbal
preparations. The use of herbs during labor had been found to be
benefitting women and easing labor process without any side effects to
mother and baby. Clinical trials are lacking to prove the safety and
effectiveness of herbal use during labor.
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| Article: Sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic effects of Urena sinuata L. leaf extract in animal mode... |
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Atiar Rahman, T. B. Emran, M. A. 2*Rahman
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International Food Research Journal 01/2014 21((5)):: 2069-2075.
Sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic effects of Urena sinuata L. leaf extract in animal models
International Food Research Journal 01/2014; 21((5)):: 2069-2075.
ABSTRACT The sedative and analgesic potential of Urena sinuata L. was investigated for the first time
in this study. The crude methanol extract of Urena sinuata L. leaves was evaluated for its
central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect using rodent behavioral models. Methanol
extract of Urena sinuata at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, displayed a suppressive effect
on motor activity, exploratory behavior (in hole cross and open field tests) and prolongation
of thiopental induced sleeping time in mice. In the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, the same
dose of methanol extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the time spent by the treated mice
in EPM open arms. Analgesic potential of the extract was also evaluated for centrally acting
analgesic activity using formalin induced licking response model and for peripheral analgesic
action using acetic acid-induced writhing test and tail immersion tests. In formalin induced
licking response model, a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of pain compared to reference drug
diclofenac sodium was observed. In acetic acid-induced writhing test and tail immersion test,
the extract at 200 mg/kg body weight produced a significant reduction of writhing response and
pain respectively. These results evidenced the potential sedative and analgesic effects of Urena
sinuata leaves.
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