Volume 155, 15 July 2014, Pages 319–324
Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural pigment from annatto seeds by response surface methodology (RSM)
- Received 6 November 2013, Revised 16 January 2014, Accepted 18 January 2014, Available online 28 January 2014
Highlights
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- UAE is an effective method for annatto colour extraction in compare to conventional extraction methods.
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- In the optimum conditions, the absorbance value and the extraction yield were obtained 0.865% and 6.35%, respectively.
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- ASE extracted by UAE showed more antioxidant activity than ASE extracted by conventional method.
Abstract
The
present study reports on the extraction of natural pigment from annatto
seeds. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the
effect of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).
Four independent variables including temperature (20–80 °C), sonication
time (2–10 min), duty cycle (0.2–0.8 s) and the ratio of seeds to the
solvent (5–20%) were studied. According to the results, the optimal UAE
condition was obtained with a temperature of 72.7 °C, extraction time of
7.25 min, the ratio of seed to solvent of 14% and duty cycle of 0.8 s.
At these conditions, extraction yield determined as 6.35% and the
absorbance value as 0.865%. The experimental values under optimal
condition were in good consistent with the predicted values, which
suggested UAE is more efficient process as compared to conventional
extraction.
Keywords
- Annatto;
- Antioxidant;
- Ultrasound-assisted;
- Optimisation;
- Response surface methodology
- Corresponding author. Tel.:
+98 9368171909; fax: +98 1735228573.
