Action of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) on hatchability and embryogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus eggs (Acari: Ixodidae)
Highlights
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- The phytochemical investigation of different parts of Tagetes patula has resulted in the isolation of chemical constituents in many different classes of secondary metabolites, such as benzofurans, carotenoids, thiophenes and flavonoids.
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- The 70% ethanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of T. patula was very effective, inhibiting egg hatching close to 100%.
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- Microscopic analysis of the structure of the ovaries of treated females with the 70% ethanolic extract showed significant morphological changes in the structure of oocytes and pedicel cells. This effect of the extract can be responsible to impairing or impeding the formation of healthy larvae, breaking the life cycle of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus in the beginning.
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) presents medical importance, being the principal vector of Rickettsia conorii,
the causative agent of Botonous fever, occurring in various regions of
Europe and Africa. In the Americas, has been reported as a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii,
the causative agent of Mountain Spotted Fever. It presents veterinary
importance because is responsible by the transmission of zoonosis like
babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis and others. The resistance that
these ticks show to some of the active principles used in acaricides
has risen wildly. In other hand, the use of herbal medicines has been
outstanding recently. Among the advantages of phytotherapics that
justify their use are synergistic effects of its components and easy
degradation in the environment. In this scenario, Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) appears as a species with great biocide potential. The phytochemical investigation of T. patula
has resulted in the isolation of several chemical constituents such as
benzofurans, carotenoids, flavonoids and thiophenes. This study aimed to
test the effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of T. patula against eggs of R. sanguineus
by Egg hatchability test and to verify, for the first time, the action
of this sample on ovary cells of engorged females submitted to the Adult
Immersion Test. The extract was very effective, inhibiting egg hatching
in 96.98% (±0.025) with LD50 = 6.312 mg/mL
(4.064–8.497 mg/mL). Microscopic analysis of the structure of the
ovaries showed significant morphological changes in the structure of
oocytes II–V and pedicel cells, interfering directly in its normal
embryogenesis, impairing or impeding the formation of healthy larvae,
breaking the life cycle of this ticks in the beginning. Despite the
difficulty to control adult populations of ticks, these findings are
important and provide an alternative to disrupt development on the
environment.
Keywords
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus;
- Tagetes patula;
- Hatchability;
- Embryogenesis;
- Ethanolic extract
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