Volume 101, March 2015, Pages 133–152
Review
Diversity, pharmacology and synthesis of bergenin and its derivatives: Potential materials for therapeutic usages
Abstract
Bergenin,
a natural secondary metabolite, has been isolated from different parts
of a number of plants. It is one of active ingredients in herbal and
Ayurvedic formulations. It exhibits antiviral, antifungal, antitussive,
antiplasmodial, antiinflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiarrhythmic,
antitumor, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic and wound healing properties.
It has been analyzed and estimated in different plant extracts, blood
and drug samples using chromatographic techniques, and pharmacokinetic
studies have been made. Several bergenin derivatives were isolated
and/or synthesized and were found to possess pharmacological activities.
Total synthesis of bergenin and its derivatives were reported. This
review article covers literature on bergenin and its derivatives until
2013. Ethnomedicinal value of bergenin containing plant materials is
also highlighted. This comprehensive review provides information on the
potentiality of bergenin and its derivatives for therapeutic usages.
Graphical abstract
Chemical compounds studied in this article
- Bergenin (PubChem CID: 66065);
- Norbergenin (PubChem CID: 73192);
- 4-O-Galloylbergenin (PubChem CID: 14464332);
- 11-O-Galloylbergenin (PubChem CID: 14464334);
- 11-O-Syringylbergenin (PubChem CID: 195481)
Abbreviations
- ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid;
- DCC, dicyclohexylcabodiimide;
- DEAD, diethyl azodicarboxylate;
- DIAD, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate;
- DMAP, N,N-dimethylamino pyridine;
- DME, 1,2-dimethoxyethane;
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide;
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl;
- EDC, ethyldimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide;
- IFN, interferon;
- IL, interleukin;
- MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration;
- PPTS, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate;
- TBAF, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride;
- TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical;
- Th, helper T cell;
- THF, tetrahydrofuran;
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
Keywords
- Analytical technique;
- Bergenin;
- Natural occurrence;
- Pharmacological activity;
- Synthesis
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
