Adulteration and Poor Quality of Ginkgo biloba Supplements

Anthony Booker ^a^,^d,
Debora Frommenwiler ^b,
Eike Reich ^b,
Samuel Horsfield ^a^,^c,
Michael Heinrich ^a^,^,

doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2016.04.003

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Abstract

Adulteration of Ginkgo products sold as unregistered supplements within the very large market of Ginkgo products (reputedly £650 million annually) through the post-extraction addition of cheaper (e.g. buckwheat derived) rutin is suspected to allow sub-standard products to appear satisfactory to third parties, e.g. secondary buyers along the value chain or any regulatory authorities. This study was therefore carried out to identify products that did not conform to their label specification and may have been actively adulterated to enable access to the global markets.

: Corresponding author.

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Monday, 18 April 2016