| 1943 | Rodgers and Hammerstein’s first collaboration, Oklahoma, opens on Broadway |
| 1987 | Vincent Van Gogh’s Sunflowers is bought for $39.85 million. | |
| Born on March 30 | ||
| 1719 | Sir John Hawkins, author of the first history of music. | |
| 1820 | Anna Sewell, English novelist (Black Beauty). | |
| 1853 | Vincent Van Gogh, Dutch impressionist artist. Was Vincent van Gogh Murdered? http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/12/vincent-van-gogh-murder-mystery | |
Volume 541, 15 January 2016, Pages 1592–1602
Spatiotemporal patterns of livestock manure nutrient production in the conterminous United States from 1930 to 2012
- Referred to by
Corrigendum to “Spatiotemporal patterns of livestock manure nutrient production in the conterminous United States from 1930 to 2012” [Science of the Total Environment Vol < 541 >, < January 2016 >, Pages 1592–1602]
- Science of The Total Environment, Volume 544, 15 February 2016, Page 1141
Highlights
- •
- We estimated livestock manure nutrients in the United States from 1930 to 2012.
- •
- Manure nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 46% and 92% during1930-2012.
- •
- High-nutrient-production regions shifted towards eastern and western U.S. counties.
- •
- Manure nutrient production demonstrated concentrated spatial patterns.
- •
- Manure production changed greatly due to changes in livestock species abundances.
Abstract
Manure
nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from livestock husbandry are important
components of terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. Assessment of the
impacts of livestock manure on terrestrial biogeochemistry requires a
compilation and analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of manure
nutrients. In this study, we reconstructed county-level manure nutrient
data of the conterminous United States (U.S.) in 4- to 5-year increments
from 1930 to 2012. Manure N and P were 5.89 ± 0.64 Tg N yr.− 1 (Mean ± Standard Deviation) and 1.73 ± 0.29 Tg P yr.− 1 (1 Tg = 1012 g),
and increased by 46% and 92% from 1930 to 2012, respectively. Prior to
1970, manure provided more N to the U.S. lands than chemical fertilizer
use. Since 1970, however, increasing chemical N fertilizer use has
exceeded manure N production. Manure was the primary P source in the
U.S. during 1930–1969 and 1987–2012, but was lower than P fertilizer use
in 1974, 1978, and 1982. High-nutrient-production regions shifted
towards eastern and western areas of the U.S. Decreasing small farms and
increasing Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) induced
concentrated spatial patterns in manure nutrient loads. Counties with
cattle or poultry as the primary manure nutrient contributors expanded
significantly from 1930 to 2012, whereas regions with sheep and hog as
the primary contributors decreased. We identified regions facing
environmental threats associated with livestock farming. Effective
management of manure should consider the impacts of CAFOs in manure
production, and changes in livestock population structure. The long-term
county-level manure nutrient dataset provides improved spatial and
temporal information on manure nutrients in the U.S. This dataset is
expected to help advance research on nutrient cycling, ammonia
volatilization, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock husbandry,
recovery and reuse of manure nutrients, and impacts of livestock
feeding on human health in the context of global change.
Graphical abstract
Changes in manure nitrogen (A) and phosphorus (B) load from 1930 to 2012.
Keywords
- Livestock;
- Manure nutrients;
- Nitrogen;
- Phosphorus;
- United States
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
