J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Feb 28. pii: S0378-8741(16)30675-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.044. [Epub ahead of print]
- 1Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- 2Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon
Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Electronic address:
khaesu@kku.ac.th.
- 3Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Corn
silk or the stigma of Zea mays L. has traditionally been used in weight
loss stimulation and treatment of cystitis, urinary infections and
obesity. Purple corn silk, rich of polyphenolic substances, was reported
on anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect in animal studies. However,
scientific evidence on mechanisms and targets of action of purple corn
silk related to adipocyte life cycle has been limited.
AIM OF STUDY:
To
determine phytochemical compositions and investigate anti-obesity
potential of the purple corn silk focusing on interruption of adipocyte
life cycle; effect on pre-adipocyte proliferation, adipogenesis,
adipocyte lipolysis, and apoptosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The
ethanolic purple corn silk extract (PCS) was prepared and investigated
for phytochemical compositions by LC/MS/MS technique and anti-obesity
potential using murine 3T3-L1 cell line. Using methyl thiazole
tetrazolium (MTT) assay, the effects on pre-adipocytes and adipocyte
viability and on pre-adipocytes proliferation at 24-, 48-, and 72-h
incubation period were evaluated. In addition, anti-adipogenesis via
inhibition on adipocyte differentiation and reduction of total lipid
accumulation was evaluated using Oil Red O staining and
spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The lipolysis effect was
determined by measurement of glycerol released content using glycerol
test kit after 48-h treatment of PCS to adipocytes. Apoptosis inductive
effect was done by using 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine
dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining method.
RESULTS:
The
polyphenols including anthocyanins, quercetin and phenolic acids and
derivatives were found as the major chemical compositions of the PCS.
With multiple-stages interruption on the adipocyte life cycle,
anti-obesity effect of PCS was interestingly demonstrated. When compared
to the control, the PCS at concentration range between 250 -1000 μg/mL
showed anti-adipogenesis effect as expressing of significant inhibition
on pre-adipocyte proliferation at all incubation period (43.52 ± 5.28 -
75.51 ± 9.09%) and significant decreasing of total lipid accumulation at
concentration of 500μg/mL (80.22 ± 6.58%) and 1000μg/mL (69.62
± 5.42%). Moreover, the PCS exhibited lipolysis and apoptosis inductive
effect with dose dependent manner and significance at concentration of
1000μg/mL by increase of released glycerol content (173.88 ± 6.13% of
the control) and of nuclei condensing and apoptotic bodies (with
relative apoptosis induction as 131.74 ± 1.64% of the control).
CONCLUSION:
Our
data has evidenced the anti-obesity potential of PCS related
interruption at multiple stages of adipocyte life cycle. Its potency was
attributed to inhibition on adipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis as
well as induction on lipolysis and apoptosis at high concentration.
However, further in vivo investigation should be considered to insist
the possibility in applications of PCS in prevention and treatment of
obesity.
Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.
KEYWORDS:
adipocyte
life cycle; anti-adipogenesis; anti-obesity; chlorogenic acid (PubChem
CID 1794427); cyanidin-3-glucoside (PubChem CID 441667); naringenin
(PubChem CID 932); p-coumaric acid (Pubmed CID 637542);
pelargonidin-3-glucoside (PubChem CID 443648); peonidin-3-glucoside
(PubChem CID 443654); polyphenols; purple corn silk; quercetin (PubChem
CID 5280343); vanillic acid (PubChem CID 8468)
