Volume 15, May 2015, Pages 396–407
Alaskan seaweeds lower inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and decrease lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
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Highlights
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- 3 species of brown seaweed significantly inhibited 5 macrophage inflammatory genes.
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- Fractions of Fucus distichus decrease lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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- F. distichus elevates expression of metabolic regulators in adipocytes.
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- F. distichus contains bioactive high molecular-weight fucophlorethol phlorotannins.
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- A bioactive monoglycosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was isolated form F. distichus.
Abstract
Chronic
inflammation is characterized by macrophage accumulation in adipose
tissue, which subsequently up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and
promotes the dysregulation of lipid metabolism, ultimately leading to
insulin resistance. This study was designed to examine the effects of
coastal Alaskan seaweeds on the macrophage inflammatory response and
lipid metabolism of adipocytes. Two bioactive subfractions from the
brown alga Fucus distichus, a monoglycosyldiacylglycerol
subfraction and a phlorotannin subfraction, decreased mRNA expression of
acute and chronic inflammatory biomarkers. Expression of Toll-like
receptors TLR4 and TLR9 were also reduced, suggesting a potential
mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity via TLR attenuation. F. distichus
fractions decreased lipid accumulation up to 55% and increased free
glycerol concentrations by 28–45%. This result was supported by
increases in adiponectin and UCP-1 and decreases in leptin mRNA
expression. Overall, the Alaskan seaweed F. distichus inhibited
proinflammatory responses and improved lipid metabolism, suggesting the
potential for seaweed phytochemicals to attenuate inflammatory
diseases.
Keywords
- Seaweed;
- Phlorotannin;
- Monoglycosyldiacylglycerol;
- Inflammation;
- Insulin resistance;
- Fucus distichus
- Corresponding author. 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081. Tel.:
+1 704 250 5407; fax: +1 704 250 5409.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
