Lavandula stoechas essential oil from Spain: Aromatic profile determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory bioactivities.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.088

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Highlights

•: Lavandula stoechas essential oil composition was studied.
•: Absolute and relative concentration of volatiles was determined.
•: Enantiomeric distribution was determined for the main biomolecules.
•: Positive evaluation: antioxidant activity for essential oils.
•: Positive evaluation: LOX inhibitory activity for essential oils and biomolecules.

Abstract

Lavandula stoechas essential oils (EOs), obtained from plants grown in the South East of Spain, were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) detection to determine their composition, in both relative (peak area) and absolute (using standard curves) concentrations. Fenchone (33–37%), camphor (16–24%) and eucalyptol (17–18%) were determined as the most abundant molecules among the principal compounds. This characterization was completed with the enantioselective gas chromatography, depicting limonene, fenchone or camphor as the main dextrorotatory components and camphene, linalool or E-β-caryophyllene as the main levorotatory components. These enantiomers provide proof of the natural origin of the EOs. Antioxidant activity was evaluated positively by several methods: activity against free radicals (ORAC, DPPH, ABTS), chelating and reducing power, probably due to linalool and thymol. Mild inhibitory activity on lipoxygenase (LOX) was observed indicating a possible anti-inflammatory activity, mainly due to thymol, fenchone and camphor. These properties support the potential use of L. stoechas EOs as natural cosmetic and natural pharmaceutical ingredients for several skin diseases.

Graphical abstract

Abbreviations

ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid);
AUC, area under the curve;
ChP, chelating power;
EO, essential oil;
EsGC-EI, enantioselective gas chromatography with electronic impact ionization;
DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl;
FGC-EI, fast gas chromatography with electronic impact ionization;
IC₅₀, half maximal inhibitory concentration;
i.d., internal diameter;
LOD, limit of detection;
LOQ, limit of quantitation;
LOX, lipoxygenase;
LRI, linear retention index;
λ_ex, excitation wavelength;
λ_em, emission wavelength;
MS, mass spectrometry;
ORAC, oxigen radical absorption capacity;
PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene;
RdP, reducing power;
RFU, relative fluorescence units;
RSD, relative standard deviation;
SD, standard deviation;
TEAC, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity;
TIC, total ion countering chromatogram with MS detection;
TE, trolox equivalents

Keywords

Lavandula stoechas;
Essential oil;
GC-EI/MS;
Enantiomeric ratio;
Antioxidant;
LOX inhibitory activity

: Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 868 88 4411; fax: +34 868 88 41 47.

1: (www.um.es/genz)

2: (www.novozymes.com)

Cheryl & ethnovet

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Wednesday, 20 May 2015