EPMA J. 2015; 6(1): 14.
Published online 2015 Jul 14. doi: 10.1186/s13167-015-0036-0
PMCID: PMC4517425
Zabolotny
Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny St., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
LCL “Diaprof”, Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
Cassovia Life Sciences, Palárikova 4, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republiс
Institute
of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik
University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republiс
Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Email: moc.liamg@vonbubtsor.
Corresponding author.Abstract
There
is great interest in the interaction between diet and immune system and
concomitantly in the potential of probiotic bacteria, especially given
recent advances in understanding of gut microbiota effects on health in
the context of microbiome research. Following our recent study on
bacterial wall elasticity as a predictive measure of phagocytic cellular
reactions and related outcomes, a question was raised regarding the
scope of the application of these findings in various medical conditions
in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine
(PPPM). This summarizing review of the data describes the contributions,
both observed and potential, of probiotics to the gut-brain axis and
various medical conditions, including immune and atopic states,
metabolic and inflammatory diseases—including liver disease and diabetes
mellitus—cancer, and more. It also suggests novel insights for a number
of beneficial applications of probiotics and advances in development of
novel probiotic-based treatments and personalized diets, as well as
application of sophisticated imaging techniques and nanobiotechnologies
that can be adopted in the near future by innovative medical experts,
warranting further research and practical translation.
Keywords: Predictive, Preventive, and personalized medicine, Gut microbiota, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium,
Gut-brain axis, Microbiome, Cancer, Immune disorders, Dietary
biomarkers, Healthy diet, Nutrition, Fecal microbiota transplantation,
Pattern recognition receptors
Review
Introduction
Healthy
diet and nutrition are the very focus of the European Association for
Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (EPMA), the main
promoter of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM),
and belong to the prioritized medical fields for long-term strategy of
created multidisciplinary platform for progressing from “disease care”
to “health care”: “advancing participatory medicine”, “well-being”
concepts, and integrated approach. A major target of this approach is
the effective management of immunity-related disorders, such as
inflammation, atopy, asthma, musculoskeletal disorders, liver fibrosis,
diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D), metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular
diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), atherosclerosis, and
cancer [1–4].
The
gut microbiota is increasingly considered to be one of the main
mechanisms accounting for the increasing prevalence of these disorders
over the past few decades. Being a food-grade ingredient, probiotic
bacteria show great potential for medical application in general and
particularly for personalized, preventive medicine. Lactic acid bacteria
(LAB) belong to the group of microorganisms most frequently used as
probiotics, due to their competitive inhibition of the colonization of
pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract and their beneficial effects
on the gut immune system and gut-brain axis.
Our
recent research employing a non-clinical model investigated the role of
cell wall elasticity as a predictive measure of the phagocytic system
cells reaction and related outcomes [4].
This review discusses the immediate and far-reaching implications of
the findings in the context of the increasing understanding of
microbiome’s impact on health.
