Volume 544, 15 February 2016, Pages 595–600
Highlights
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- Perfluorinated carboxylic acids were analyzed in a set of 67 breast milk samples collected from Spanish women.
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- PFOA appeared as the major contributor to the total perfluorinated carboxylic acids.
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- PFOA concentrations were significantly higher in milk of primiparous participants.
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- PFOA daily intake and risk index were estimated for the firsts six month of life.
Abstract
Human
milk samples were collected from 67 mothers in 2014 at a Primary Care
Centre in Murcia (Spain) and analyzed for perfluorinated carboxylic
acids (PFCAs). Concentrations measured for perfluorooctanoic acid
(PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA),
perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA)
ranged from < LOQ (< 10 ng/L) to 397 ng/L with a mean
concentration of 66 ± 68 ng/L and a median of 29 ng/L. The presence of
these compounds was revealed in 50 samples out of 67 analyzed. Influence
of number of pregnancies and food habits on PFCAs concentrations was
also investigated. Statistically significant differences in PFCA levels
were found when the women were divided into maternal age classes and
into the categories primiparae and multiparae. A greater transfer of PFC
during breastfeeding by primiparous was evidenced and thus a higher
exposure to these contaminants for the first child. Moreover, it was
possible to hypothesize that the content of PFCs is in general
correlated to the eating habits of donors and, in particular, with the
fish consumption. Finally, PFOA daily intakes and risk index (RI) were
estimated for the first six months of life and we found that ingestion
rates of PFOA did not exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI)
recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Graphical abstract
Figure SI 1. Concentrations (ng/L) of PFCs recovered in 67 samples of human breast milk.
Keywords
- Human milk;
- PFCAs;
- PFOA;
- Spain;
- Daily intake;
- GC–MS
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