Volume 162, 13 March 2015, Pages 323–332
Research Paper
- a University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- b Mountain Research Center (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
- c Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands
- Received 27 June 2014, Revised 26 December 2014, Accepted 30 December 2014, Available online 7 January 2015
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In Russian traditional medicine, an extract from the mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pil´at is used as an anti-tumor medicine and diuretic. It has been reported that Inonotus obliquus
has therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory
and hepatoprotective effects. This study was designed to investigate the
chemical composition and biological properties of aqueous and ethanolic
extracts of Inonotus obliquus from Finland, Russia, and
Thailand. Their antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiquorum properties
were tested as well as the cytotoxicity on various tumor cell lines.
Materials and methods
The
tested extract was subjected to conventional chemical study to
identified organic acids and phenolic compounds. Antioxidative activity
was measured by several different assays. Antimicrobial potential of
extracts was tested by microdilution method, and antiquorum sensing
activity and antibiofilm formation of Inonotus obliquus extracts was tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested on tumor cells (MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa and HepG2) and non-tumor liver cells primary cultures.
Results
Oxalic
acid was found as the main organic acid, with the highest amount in the
aqueous extract from Russia. Gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were detected in all samples. Inonotus obliquus
extracts showed high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Extracts
were tested at subMIC for anti-quorum sensing (AQS) activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and all extracts showed definite AQS activity. The assays were done
using twitching and swarming of bacterial cultures, and the amount of
produced pyocyanin as QS parameters. All the extracts demonstrated
cytotoxic effect on four tumor cell lines and not on primary porcine
liver cells PLP2.
Conclusions
As the Inonotus obliquus
presence in Chaga conks is limited, further purification is necessary
to draw quantitative conclusions. The presence of AQS activity in
medicinal mushrooms suggests a broader anti-infectious disease
protection than only immunomodulatory effects.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
- Inonotus obliquus;
- Chemical characterization;
- Antioxidant properties;
- Antimicrobial activity;
- Antiquorum effect;
- Antitumor activity
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