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Thursday 23 June 2016

Polyacetylenes from terrestrial plants and fungi: Recent phytochemical and biological advances ☆

Volume 106, October 2015, Pages 92–109


Abstract

Polyacetylenes are a class of polyketides related to fatty acids that occur in plants, fungi, marine organisms and animals. These compounds show a pleiotropic profile of bioactivity, that includes antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial or antifungal properties. Because of this, the literature on these compounds has grown exponentially, and this review aims at summarizing the inventory of polyacetylenes occurring in terrestrial eukaryotic organisms (plants and fungi) during the last 15 years, and at discussing progress in their bioactivities and in the identification of their biological targets.

Graphical abstract


Image for unlabelled figure

Abbreviations

  • Ac, acetyl;
  • ACAT, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase;
  • Apio, β-d-apiofuranosyl;
  • Ara, β-d-arabinopyranosyl;
  • CB1, cannabinoid receptor type-1;
  • CB2, cannabinoid receptor type-2;
  • CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4;
  • COX-2, cyclooxygenase type-2;
  • DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase;
  • DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid;
  • D-Rha, β-d-rhamnopyranosyl;
  • FASII, fatty acid synthesis type II;
  • G1-S, gap 1 phase-synthesis phase;
  • GABA, 4-aminobutyrric acid;
  • Glc, β-d-glucopyranosyl;
  • GlcA, β-d-glucuronyl;
  • HIV, human immunodeficiency virus;
  • IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB;
  • IL-10, interleukin 10;
  • IL-12, interleukin 12;
  • KB, human oval epidermoid carcinoma cell line;
  • L-Rha, α-l-rhamnopyranosyl;
  • MCF7, human breast adenocarcinoma cell line;
  • NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidated form;
  • NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidated form;
  • NCI-H187, human small cell lung cancer;
  • NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells;
  • NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B;
  • NO, nitric oxide;
  • PGE2, prostaglandin E2;
  • PPARγ, proliferator-activated receptor gamma;
  • Th1, type 1 T helper cell;
  • Th2, type 2 T helper cell;
  • TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α;
  • UV-A, ultraviolet A

Keywords

  • Polyacetylenes;
  • Isolation;
  • Plants;
  • Fungi;
  • Bioactivity
This review is dedicated to Professor Giovanni Vidari on the occasion of his 70th birthday.