Volume 148, Issue 2, 9 July 2013, Pages 433–440
Steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) promote dermal fibroblast migration in vitro
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Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Preparations derived from bulbs of various Lilium
species have been used to promote the healing of skin abrasions, sores
and burns and to aid in healing wounds in Traditional Chinese and
Greco-Roman Medicine.
Aim of the study
To
evaluate fractionated Easter lily bulb extracts and their steroidal
glycosides (1–5) for the promotion of dermal fibroblast migration in vitro, a model for the early events in wound healing.
Materials and methods
An
activity-guided screening approach was used by coupling sequential
solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and
semi-preparative reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography
(RP-HPLC) with an in vitro dermal fibroblast migration assay.
Cytotoxicity was evaluated with methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT). To
gain insight into the mode of action of the steroidal glycosides, nitric
oxide (NO) production, and expression of genes for transforming growth
factor beta-1 (TGF-β) and its receptors were evaluated.
Results
Fractionated bulb extracts and the two isolated steroidal glycoalkaloids (1) and (2)
induced NO production and TGF-β receptor I mRNA expression in
fibroblast cell culture. In a cytotoxicity assay, steroidal glycosides (1) and (3) had IC50 values of 8.2 and 8.7 µM, but the natural acetylation of the C-6″′ hydroxy of the terminal glucose unit in (2) resulted in a 3-fold decrease in cell cytotoxicity when compared with (1). Results from the dermal fibroblast migration assay revealed that the steroidal glycoalkaloids (1) and (2), and the furostanol saponin (3) promoted fibroblast migration from the range of 23.7±5.7 to 37.7±5.1%, as compared with the control.
Conclusion
Collectively,
our data demonstrate that the steroidal glycosides present in Easter
lily bulbs induce, at least in part, the observed dermal fibroblast
migration activity of the bulb extracts. This is the first evidence that
steroidal glycosides from Lilium longiflorum may potentially
play a role in the wound healing process and may provide a scientific
basis for the historical use of lily bulbs for this purpose.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
- Lilium longiflorum Thunb.;
- Steroidal glycoside;
- Furostanol saponin;
- Transforming growth factor beta;
- Nitric oxide;
- Wound healing
- Corresponding author. Tel.:
+1 848 932 6369; fax: +1 732 932 9441.
