Aquaculture

Volume 450, 1 January 2016, Pages 182–186

Essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Mentha piperita against monogenean parasites and their influence on the hematology of Nile tilapia

• Gabriela Sayuri de Oliveira Hashimoto^a,
• Fausto Marinho Neto^b,
• Maria Luiza Ruiz^a,
• Monyele Acchile^a,
• Edsandra Campos Chagas^c,
• Francisco Célio Maia Chaves^c,
• Maurício Laterça Martins^{a, ,}

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.029

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Highlights

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Efficacy of essential oil against gill parasites and their influence on the hematology of Nile tilapia.

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Lippia sidoides and Mentha piperita killed the parasites after 1 min and 58 s and 8 min and 11 s, in the in vitro test.

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Parasites exposed to water died after 4 h and 21 min in the in vitro immobilization test.

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L. sidoides-treated fish showed higher glucose levels and neutrophils number besides lower red blood cells and thrombocytes count.

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Use of M. piperita at 40 mg.L^− 1, as a therapeutic bath, may be safe and recommendable.

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Abstract

This study evaluated the use of therapeutic baths containing essential oils of Lippia sidoides (pepper rosemary) and Mentha piperita (peppermint) on the hematological parameters of Nile tilapia parasitized by the monogeneans Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, Cichlidogyrusthurstonae, Cichlidogyrus halli, and Scutogyrus longicornis. A total of 320 juvenile fish were distributed into 16 tanks of capacity 100 L (20 fish per tank), divided into 4 treatments in quadruplicates: fish exposed to a bath of L. sidoides at 20 mg L^− 1; fish exposed to M. piperita at 40 mg L^− 1; fish exposed only to a water bath; and fish exposed to water + DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) bath. The fish were subjected to 3 baths for 10 min, at intervals of 24 h between treatments. After the third bath, parasitological and hematological analyses were performed. The parasite prevalence in fish treated with essential oils was seen to have decreased by 70%. The efficacy attained among fish treated with L. sidoides, in comparison with control water and water + DMSO, was 1.96% and 14.16%, respectively; and among fish treated with M. piperita, it was 33.33% and 41.63%, respectively. The total numbers of red blood cells (RBC) and thrombocytes were lower in fish treated with L. sidoides. Glucose concentration and neutrophil count were significantly higher in fish treated with L. sidoides. Because of the efficacy and positive hematological results, we suggest that baths of M. piperita at 40 mg L^− 1 should be used as anthelmintic action.

Statement of relevance

Authors believe on the use of essential oils to treat ectoparasites of cultured fish and consequently no damages for hematological profile of Nile tilapia were found.

Keywords

• Fish;
• Phytotherapy;
• Rosemary pepper;
• Peppermint;
• Anti-parasitic;
• Blood

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Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.