Acta Pharm Sin B. 2014 Jun;4(3):173-81. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 May 3.
- 1Mammalian
Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and
Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300,
Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
- 2Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
- 3Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 441706, South Korea.
Abstract
Colon
cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous
type of cancer, affecting both men and women. The modern diet and
lifestyles, with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use, along
with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate
for colon cancer worldwide. As a result, there is a need to develop
novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer.
Currently, nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the
treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes and
Alzheimer׳s disease. Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural
sources such as medicinal plants,
marine organisms, vegetables and fruits. Nutraceuticals have shown the
potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression.
These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon
cancer development. Accordingly, this review briefly discusses the
medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the
risk of colorectal carcinogenesis.
KEYWORDS:
5-FU,
5-fluorouracil; ACC, acetyl CoA carboxylase; ACF, aberrant crypt foci;
ACL, ATP-citrate lyase; ASTX, astaxanthin; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2;
Colon cancer; DHA, decahexaenoic acid; DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; DR,
death receptor; EGCG, epigallocatechingallate; EPA, eicosapentaenoic
acid; FAS, fatty acid synthase; GADD, growth arrest and DNA damage;
HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA; HUVEC, human umbilical vein
endothelial cell; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IL, interleukin; LDH,
lactate dehydrogenase; MMP, matrix metallo-proteins; Marine organisms;
NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; Nutraceuticals; PRAP, prolactin receptor
associated protein; Plant derivatives; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle;
TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related
apoptosis-induced ligand; Therapeutics; VEGF, vascular endothelial
growth factor