Born on May 25

1803		Ralph Waldo Emerson, American essayist and philosopher. Still Ahead of His Time http://po.st/RsG4eV via @SmithsonianMag
1878		Bill “Bojangles” Robinson, tap dancer. https://youtu.be/wtHvetGnOdM
1886		Philip Murray, American labor leader, founder of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
1889		Igor Sikorsky, American aviation engineer who developed the first successful helicopter. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Volume 124, June 2016, Pages 161–167 Original papers Efficacy of unmanned helicopter in rainwater removal from cherry canopies Jianfeng Zhoua, Lav R. Khota, , , Troy Petersa, Matthew D. Whitingb, Qin Zhanga, David Granatsteinc   doi:10.1016/j.compag.2016.04.006 Get rights and content Highlights • Developed was an in-field sensing system to monitor cherry canopy micro-climate. • Unmanned helicopter was evaluated for canopy rainwater removal. • Effect of flight altitude and payloads on rainwater removal was quantified. Abstract Rain-induced fruit cracking causes significant economic loss for fresh market sweet cherry growers annually. To prevent cherry cracking, timely removal of rainwater from fruit is the key. This study evaluated the efficacy of an unmanned middle-size helicopter to remove rainwater from Y-trellised cherry canopies. Helicopter downwash in hover at four altitudes, with and without a payload, was quantified with six anemometers deployed in tree canopies. Results showed that payload and altitude significantly affected hover downwash, which was greater at higher altitude of 7.6 m above ground level (AGL) than lower altitude of 4.9 m AGL with payload. In the absence of payload, hover downwash peaked at the altitude of 6.1 m AGL. In the efficacy study, 5.0-mm rainwater was applied to cherry canopies by a rainfall simulation system, followed by the helicopter flying over canopies at three altitudes (4.9, 5.5 and 6.1 m AGL), two travel speeds (1.3 and 2.7 m s−1) and with or without payload. Rainwater removal at bottom (1.1 m), middle (1.9 m) and top (2.7 m) of the canopies was calculated based on the change of leaf wetness of target canopies in 10 min after rain. Overall, helicopter with payload flying 2.7 m s−1 at 6.1 m AGL removed significantly more rainwater (96.3%) from top section of canopies than groups without treatment (71.2%) and compared to other payload and travel speed conditions. Results also confirmed that the unmanned helicopter could provide sufficient downwash to remove rainwater effectively from bottom and middle canopy sections. Keywords Sweet cherry; Fruit cracking; Unmanned helicopter; Downwash; Canopy wetness Corresponding author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1898		Bennett Cerf, publisher, founder of Random House.
1926		Miles Davis, American jazz trumpeter.
1929		Beverly Sills, opera singer. Beverly Sills | Jewish Women's Archive http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sills-beverly#.V0Y1w4BjGHE.twitter
1932		John Gregory Dunne, novelist and journalist. Geoforum Volume 57, November 2014, Pages 91–98 Subsidizing farmworker hunger: Food assistance programs and the social reproduction of California farm labor Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern   doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.08.017 Get rights and content Highlights • The majority of farmworkers are food insecure. • Programs meant to address farmworker food insecurity enable worker exploitation. • Programs enable workers to supplement insufficient diets without improved wages. • Programs keep marginally healthy farmworkers laboring in the fields. • Agribusiness growers benefit from farmworker food security programs. Abstract Following Marx’s theory of social reproduction, I argue that agribusiness benefits from food assistance programs that are available to farmworkers, as they assist workers minimally enough to keep laborers working in the fields, while distracting food assistance providers from the root causes of farmworker food insecurity. These programs simultaneously redistribute excess food that workers have labored over and cannot afford. Based on ethnographic fieldwork on California’s Northern Central Coast, I outline how these programs act to reinforce structural food insecurity by ensuring that workers are provided with their most basic food needs. Although such approaches show evidence of providing crucial food for farmworkers in times of need, these programs ultimately allow agribusiness to feed their workers via charity, while maintaining low wages. Keywords Theory of social reproduction; Farm labor; Food insecurity; Food injustice Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1949		Jamaica Kincaid, author (Annie John, Lucy). Annals of Tourism Research Volume 38, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 210–230 Culture and postcolonial resistance: Antigua in Kincaid’s A Small Place Iyunolu Osagie, Christine N. Buzinde   doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.08.004 Get rights and content Abstract This paper uses postcolonial theory to analyze Jamaica Kincaid’s quasi-autobiographical book, A Small Place. Kincaid’s critique of tourism in Antigua reverses traditional travel writing trends in which First World perceptions of the Third World dominate. She discursively dismantles the imaginative geographies of empire that cement binary oppositions, such as tourist/native and black/white. She collapses these binaries to illustrate the intricate ways in which the global neocolonial ethos created by economic dependencies manifest. Arguing that tourism is implicated in this hegemonic process, she utilizes the metaphor of a guided tour to redirect the imperial gaze. Kincaid argues that legacies of colonial oppression can change once tourist and host value the same things in the shared space of the contact zone. Research highlights ► Tourism is implicated in the neocolonial ethos. ► The imperial gaze is redirected by historicizing and politicizing the tourist gaze. ► Legacies of colonialism can be transformed through shared values. Keywords Antigua; cultural texts; gaze; postcolonial theory; tour guide Published by Elsevier Ltd. Iyunolu Osagie is an Associate Professor in the Department of English at The Pennsylvania State University (University Park, PA 16802, USA. Email <ifo1@psu.edu>). Her research interests include transnational and black diaspora literatures, Third World women’s literatures, contemporary slavery and collective memory scholarship. Christine Buzinde is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management at the same university. Her research interests focus on representational politics, endogenous tourism development within marginalized communities and slavery related heritage tourism sites.