Description and analysis of the poultry trading network in the Lake Alaotra region, Madagascar: Implications for the surveillance and control of Newcastle disease

Acta Tropica

Volume 135, Issue 1, July 2014, Pages 10-18

Description and analysis of the poultry trading network in the Lake Alaotra region, Madagascar: Implications for the surveillance and control of Newcastle disease  (Article)

Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, H.^ab, 

Duboz, R.^c , 

Lancelot, R.^d, 

Maminiaina, O.F.^a, 

Jourdan, M.^e, 

Rakotondramaro, T.M.C.^ab, 

Rakotonjanahary, S.N.^a, 

de Almeida, R.S.^d, 

Rakotondravao^a, 

Durand, B.^f, 

Chevalier, V.^c

 

View additional authors

Retrieving additional authors...

^a  FOFIFA - DRZV, BP 1690 Ampandrianomby, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
^b  Faculté de Médecine, Département Vétérinaire, BP 375, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
^c  CIRAD, AGIRS Research Unit, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
^d  CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
^e  Agronomes and Vétérinaires Sans Frontières, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France
^f  ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France

View additional affiliations

Retrieving additional affiliations...

View references (45)

Abstract

Madagascar's 36.5-million-head poultry industry holds a foremost place in its economy and the livelihood of its people. Unfortunately, regular Newcastle disease outbreaks associated with high mortality causes high losses for smallholders and threatens their livelihood. Therefore, Madagascar is seeking concrete, achievable and sustainable methods for the surveillance and the control of Newcastle disease. In this paper, we present and analyze the results of a field study conducted in Madagascar between December 2009 and December 2010. The study area was the Lac Alaotra region, a landlocked area in the north-eastern part of the country's center. Poultry trading is suspected of playing a major role in the spread of avian diseases, especially in developing countries characterized by many live-bird markets and middlemen. Therefore, the goals of our study were to: (i) describe and analyze smallholders' poultry trading network in the Lake Alaotra region using social network analysis; (ii) assess the role of the network in the spread of Newcastle disease; and (iii) propose the implementation of a targeted disease surveillance based on the characteristics of the poultry trading network. We focused our field study on the harvesting of two data sets. The first is a complete description of the poultry trading network in the landlocked area of Lac Alaotra, including a description of the poultry movements between groups of villages. The second set of data measures the occurrence of outbreaks in the same area by combining a participatory approach with an event-based surveillance method. These data were used to determine the attributes of the network, and to statistically assess the association between the position of nodes and the occurrence of outbreaks. By using social network analysis techniques combined with a classification method and a logistic model, we finally identified 3 nodes (set of villages), of the 387 in the initial network, to focus on for surveillance and control in the Lac Alaotra area. This result is of primary importance in the ongoing efforts to effectively improve the wellbeing of people in the region. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Author keywords

Positional analysis; Poultry; Risk-based surveillance; Trading

Indexed keywords

GEOBASE Subject Index: disease spread; implementation process; mortality; poultry; smallholder; social network; viral disease

EMTREE medical terms: article; disease surveillance; field study; infection control; livestock; Madagascar; marketing; Newcastle disease; nonhuman; poultry farming; social network; virus transmission; animal; epidemiological monitoring; epidemiology; human; Newcastle disease; poultry; Poultry Diseases; transmission; virology

Regional Index: Lake Alaotra; Madagascar; Toamasina

MeSH: Animals; Epidemiological Monitoring; Humans; Madagascar; Newcastle Disease; Poultry; Poultry Diseases
Medline is the source for the MeSH terms of this document.

ISSN: 0001706X CODEN: ACTRASource Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.03.008 PubMed ID: 24681223Document Type: Article

Publisher: Elsevier

View references (45)

References (45)

View in search results format

• Page
• |

• 
  1

  Albert, R., Barabási, A.-L.

  Statistical mechanics of complex networks
  (2002) Reviews of Modern Physics, 74 (1), pp. 47-97. Cited 9610 times.
  doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  2

  Alexander, D.J.

  Gordon Memorial Lecture. Newcastle disease.
  (2001) British poultry science, 42 (1), pp. 5-22. Cited 141 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  3

  Andriamanalina, H.
  (2002) Influence de la vaccination sur la maladie de Newcastle et la pasteurellose aviaire dans la Commune rurale d'Andina, p. 95.
  ESSA, Antananarivo, Madagascar
  

  •  
• 
  4

  Barabási, A.-L., Albert, R.

  Emergence of scaling in random networks
  (1999) Science, 286 (5439), pp. 509-512. Cited 14552 times.
  doi: 10.1126/science.286.5439.509
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  5

  Barthélemy, M., Barrat, A., Pastor-Satorras, R., Vespignani, A.

  Velocity and hierarchical spread of epidemic outbreaks in scale-free networks
  (2004) Physical Review Letters, 92 (17), pp. 178701-1. Cited 268 times.
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.178701
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  6

  Barthélemy, M., Barrat, A., Pastor-Satorras, R., Vespignani, A.

  Dynamical patterns of epidemic outbreaks in complex heterogeneous networks
  (2005) Journal of Theoretical Biology, 235 (2), pp. 275-288. Cited 225 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.01.011
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  7

  Brennan, M.L., Kemp, R., Christley, R.M.

  Direct and indirect contacts between cattle farms in north-west England
  (2008) Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 84 (3-4), pp. 242-260. Cited 31 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.12.009
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  8

  Burt, R.S.

  Some properties of structural equivalence measures derived from sociometric choice data
  (1988) Social Networks, 10 (1), pp. 1-28. Cited 15 times.
  doi: 10.1016/0378-8733(88)90008-1
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  9

  Butts, C.
  (2010)
  SNA: Tools for Social Network Analysis. 2.2-0, R.p.v.
  

  •  
• 
  10

  Catley, A., Alders, R.G., Wood, J.L.N.

  Participatory epidemiology: Approaches, methods, experiences
  (2012) Veterinary Journal, 191 (2), pp. 151-160. Cited 34 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.010
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  11

  Csardi, G., Nepusz, T.
  The igraph software package for complex network research
  (2006) InterJournal, Complex Systems, p. 1965. Cited 963 times.
  

  •  
• 
  12

  Danon, L., Ford, A., House, T., Jewell, C., Keeling, M., Roberts, G., Ross, J., (...), Vernon, M.
  Networks and the epidemiology of infectious disease
  (2011) Interdisciplinary Perspect. Infect. Dis., p. 2011. Cited 27 times.
  

  •  
• 
  13

  Dent, J.E., Kao, R.R., Kiss, I.Z., Hyder, K., Arnold, M.

  Contact structures in the poultry industry in Great Britain: Exploring transmission routes for a potential avian influenza virus epidemic
  (2008) BMC Veterinary Research, 4, art. no. 27. Cited 46 times.
  doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-4-27
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  14

  Dubé, C., Ribble, C., Kelton, D., McNab, B.

  A review of network analysis terminology and its application to foot-and-mouth disease modelling and policy development
  (2009) Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 56 (3), pp. 73-85. Cited 53 times.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01064.x
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  15

  Eames, K.T.D.

  Modelling disease spread through random and regular contacts in clustered populations
  (2008) Theoretical Population Biology, 73 (1), pp. 104-111. Cited 54 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.09.007
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  16

  (2011)
  FAO, Statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  

  •  
• 
  17

  Ferry, L., Mietton, M., Robison, L., Erismann, J.

  Alaotra lake (Madagascar)- Past, present and future
  (2009) Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 53 (3), pp. 299-318. Cited 7 times.
  doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2009/0053-0299
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  18

  Figuié, M., Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, H.
  (2008) Perceptions et pratiques de vaccination contre la maladie de Newcastle (NCD) chez les éleveurs de volailles malgaches, Rapport de mission, projet GRIPAVI. CIRAD Montpellier, p. 19.
  FOFIFA-DRZV Antananarivo, Montpellier, France
  

  •  
• 
  19

  Fournié, G., Guitian, F.J., Mangtani, P., Ghani, A.C.

  Impact of the implementation of rest days in live bird markets on the dynamics of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza
  (2011) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 8 (61), pp. 1079-1089. Cited 21 times.
  http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/61/1079.full.pdf+html
  doi: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0510
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  20

  Fournié, G., Guitian, J., Desvaux, S., Cuong, V., Dung, D., Pfeiffer, D., Mangtani, P., (...), Ghani, A.
  Interventions for avian influenza A (H5N1) risk management in live bird market networks
  (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., pp. 1-6.
  (Early edition)
  

  •  
• 
  21

  Frössling, J., Ohlson, A., Björkman, C., Håkansson, N., Nöremark, M.

  Application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance - Examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in Sweden
  (2012) Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 105 (3), pp. 202-208. Cited 15 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.12.011
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  22

  Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S.
  (2000) , p. 392.
  Applied Logistic Regression. John Wiley & Sons.
  

  •  
• 
  23

  Jost, C.C., Mariner, J.C., Roeder, P.L., Sawitri, E., Macgregor-Skinner, G.J.

  Participatory epidemiology in disease surveillance and research
  (2007) OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, 26 (3), pp. 537-549. Cited 37 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  24

  Keeling, M.J., Eames, K.T.D.

  Networks and epidemic models
  (2005) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2 (4), pp. 295-307. Cited 495 times.
  doi: 10.1098/rsif.2005.0051
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  25

  (2007) Recensement de l'Agriculture, campagne 2004-2005
  Ministère de l'Agriculture de l'Elevage et de la Pêche Madagascar, Antananarivo
  

  •  
• 
  26

  Maminiaina, O.F., Koko, M., Ravaomanana, J., Rakotonindrina, S.J.

  Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in village poultry farming in Madagascar
  (2007) OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, 26 (3), pp. 691-700. Cited 8 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  27

  Martin, V., Zhou, X., Marshall, E., Jia, B., Fusheng, G., FrancoDixon, M.A., de Haan, N., (...), Gilbert, M.

  Risk-based surveillance for avian influenza control along poultry market chains in South China: The value of social network analysis
  (2011) Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 102 (3), pp. 196-205. Cited 37 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.07.007
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  28

  Martínez-López, B., Perez, A.M., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M.

  Social network analysis. Review of general concepts and use in preventive veterinary medicine
  (2009) Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 56 (4), pp. 109-120. Cited 63 times.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01073.x
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  29

  Newman, M.E.J.

  A measure of betweenness centrality based on random walks
  (2005) Social Networks, 27 (1), pp. 39-54. Cited 614 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.009
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  30

  (2004) Filière aviculture traditionnelle, Filières de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et de la pêche, p. 9. Cited 2 times.
  Ministère de l'Agriculture de l'Elevage et de la Pêche de Madagascar (UPDR/MAEP), Antananarivo
  

  •  
• 
  31

  Fowl cholera
  (2011) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
  OIE, Genève
  

  •  
• 
  32

  Newcastle disease
  (2011) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
  OIE, Genève
  

  •  
• 
  33

  Ortiz-Pelaez, A., Pfeiffer, D.U., Soares-Magalhães, R.J., Guitian, F.J.

  Use of social network analysis to characterize the pattern of animal movements in the initial phases of the 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the UK
  (2006) Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 76 (1-2), pp. 40-55. Cited 88 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.04.007
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  34

  (2013)
  R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  

  •  
• 
  35

  (1991) , pp. 135-137.
  Rajaonarison. Production de vaccin contre la maladie de Newcastle à Madagascar. Newcastle Disease or Rural Africa, PANVAC, Debre Zeit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  

  •  
• 
  36

  Rakotonomenjahary, S.N.
  (2011) Etude de la filière avicole et de la commercialisation des volailles au Lac Alaotra, p. 109.
  Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar
  

  •  
• 
  37

  Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, H., Lancelot, R., Maminiaina, O.F., Rakotondrafara, T.F., Jourdan, M., Renard, J.F., Gil, P., (...), Chevalier, V.
  Risk factors for avian pests in smallholder farming systems, Madagascar highlands
  (2012) Prev. Vet. Res., 104 (114), p. 124.
  

  •  
• 
  38

  Rautureau, S., Dufour, B., Durand, B.

  Vulnerability of Animal Trade Networks to The Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Methodological Approach Applied to Evaluation and Emergency Control Strategies in Cattle, France, 2005
  (2011) Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 58 (2), pp. 110-120. Cited 25 times.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01187.x
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  39

  Renard, F.
  Analyses de filière et épidémiologie animale dans les pays du Sud: l'exemple de la grippe aviaire
  (2010) Economies et Sociétés, Série Systèmes Agro-alimentaires, 39, pp. 1627-1638.
  

  •  
• 
  40

  Sánchez-Vizcaíno, F., Perez, A., Lainez, M., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J.M.

  Quantification of the risk for introduction of virulent Newcastle disease virus into Spain through legal trade of live poultry from European Union countries
  (2010) Avian Pathology, 39 (6), pp. 459-465. Cited 4 times.
  doi: 10.1080/03079457.2010.520690
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  41

  Shirley, M.D.F., Rushton, S.P.

  The impacts of network topology on disease spread
  (2005) Ecological Complexity, 2 (3), pp. 287-299. Cited 63 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.04.005
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  42

  Soares-Magalhães, R., Ortiz-Pelaez, A., Thi, K., Dinh, Q., Otte, J., Pfeiffer, D.
  Associations between attributes of live poultry trade and HPAI H5N1 outbreaks: a descriptive and network analysis study in northern Vietnam
  (2010) BMC Vet. Res., p. 6. Cited 2 times.
  

  •  
• 
  43

  Van Den Berg, T.

  The role of the legal and illegal trade of live birds and avian products in the spread of avian influenza
  (2009) OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, 28 (1), pp. 93-111. Cited 22 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  44

  Van Kerkhove, M.D., Vong, S., Guitian, J., Holl, D., Mangtani, P., San, S., Ghani, A.C.

  Poultry movement networks in Cambodia: Implications for surveillance and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI/H5N1)
  (2009) Vaccine, 27 (45), pp. 6345-6352. Cited 40 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.004
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  45

  Wasserman, S., Faust, K.
  (2009)
  Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications, Cambridge, UK.
  

  •  

  Duboz, R.; CIRAD, AGIRS Research Unit, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email:raphael.duboz@cirad.fr
© Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.