Phytochemical composition and biological activities of Geranium robertianum L.: A review

Industrial Crops and Products

Volume 87, 1 September 2016, Pages 363-378

Graça, V.C.^ab, 

Ferreira, I.C.F.R.^b, 

Santos, P.F.^c 

 

^a  Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)-Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
^b  Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança, 

View additional affiliations

View references (114)

Abstract

After a period of a certain indifference, in which synthetic compounds were favored, the interest in the study of the biological properties of plants and the active principles responsible for their therapeutic properties has been growing remarkably. Geranium robertianum L., commonly known as Herb Robert or Red Robin, is a spontaneous, herbaceousplant that has been used for a long time in folk medicine of several countries and in herbalism's practice for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the phytochemical characterization and the biological activities of this species, which, accompanying the remarkable increase of its use in herbal medicine, has been disclosed in the literature mainly in the last decade. The phytochemical characterization of G. robertianum has been focused mostly on the investigation of solid-liquid extracts of the plant, with special emphasis on phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids. Studies concerning the essential oils of this species are still scarce but the number of identified compounds is high. The chemistry of G. robertianum is clearly dominated by phenolic constituents, the most studied classes of compounds being tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The confirmation of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycaemic and cytotoxic activities of G. robertianum, closely related to the high content of phenolic compounds, has come to corroborate in some extent the recognized beneficial proprieties of this medicinal plant. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Author keywords

Biological properties; Geraniin; Geranium robertianum L.; Medicinal plants; Phytochemistry

Indexed keywords

Engineering controlled terms: Bioactivity; Essential oils; Flavonoids; Medical applications; Phenols; Plants (botany)

Biological properties; Geraniin; Geranium robertianum L; Medicinal plants; Phytochemistry

Engineering main heading: Plant extracts

Species Index: Geranium robertianum

ISSN: 09266690 CODEN: ICRDESource Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.058Document Type: Review

Publisher: Elsevier

References (114)

View in search results format

• Page
 
• • Export |
  • Print |
  • E-mail |
  • Create bibliography

• 
  1

  Abraham, Y., Elbaum, R.

  Hygroscopic movements in Geraniaceae: The structural variations that are responsible for coiling or bending
  (2013) New Phytologist, 199 (2), pp. 584-594. Cited 6 times.
  doi: 10.1111/nph.12254
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  2

  Adair-Kirk, T.L., Senior, R.M.

  Fragments of extracellular matrix as mediators of inflammation
  (2008) International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 40 (6-7), pp. 1101-1110. Cited 154 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.12.005
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  3

  Adewusi, E.A., Moodley, N., Steenkamp, V.

  Medicinal plants with cholinesterase inhibitory activity: A review
  (2010) African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (49), pp. 8257-8276. Cited 13 times.
  http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2010/6Dec/Adewusi%20et%20al.pdf
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  4

  Allen, D.E., Hatfield, G.
  (2004) Medicinal Plants in Folk Tradition: an Ethnobotany of Britain & Ireland. Cited 71 times.
  Timber Press, Portland, Cambridge
  

  •  
• 
  5

  Alviano, W.S., Alviano, D.S., Diniz, C.G., Antoniolli, A.R., Alviano, C.S., Farias, L.M., Carvalho, M.A.R., (...), Bolognese, A.M.

  In vitro antioxidant potential of medicinal plant extracts and their activities against oral bacteria based on Brazilian folk medicine
  (2008) Archives of Oral Biology, 53 (6), pp. 545-552. Cited 62 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.12.001
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  6

  Amaral, S., Mira, L., Nogueira, J.M.F., Silva, A.P.d., Helena Florêncio, M.

  Plant extracts with anti-inflammatory properties-A new approach for characterization of their bioactive compounds and establishment of structure-antioxidant activity relationships
  (2009) Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 17 (5), pp. 1876-1883. Cited 46 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.045
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  7

  Apak, R., Gorinstein, S., Böhm, V., Schaich, K.M., Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K.
  Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity (IUPAC Technical Report)
  (2013) Pure Appl. Chem., 85, pp. 957-998. Cited 37 times.
  

  •  
• 
  8

  Ascacio-Valdés, J.A., Buenrostro-Figueroa, J.J., Aguilera-Carbo, A., Prado-Barragán, A., Rodríguez-Herrera, R., Aguilar, C.N.

  Ellagitannins: Biosynthesis, biodegradation and biological properties
  (2011) Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 5 (19), pp. 4696-4703. Cited 24 times.
  http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR/PDF/pdf2011/23Sept/Ascacio-Vald%C3%A9s%20et%20al.pdf
  
• 
  9

  Ávila, M.B., Lúcio, J.A.G., Mendoza, N.V., González, C.V., Arciniega, M., Vargas, G.A.
  Geranium species as antioxidants
  (2013) Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases-A Role for Antioxidants, pp. 113-129.
  Intech, J.A. Morales-González (Ed.)
  

  •  
• 
  10

  Azmir, J., Zaidul, I.S.M., Rahman, M.M., Sharif, K.M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M.H.A., (...), Omar, A.K.M.

  Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review
  (2013) Journal of Food Engineering, 117 (4), pp. 426-436. Cited 109 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  11

  Bate-Smith, E.C.
  The phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significance. I. Dicotyledons
  (1962) J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 58, pp. 95-173.
  

  •  
• 
  12

  Bate-Smith, E.C.

  Ellagitannin content of leaves of Geranium species
  (1972) Phytochemistry, 11 (5), pp. 1755-1757. Cited 16 times.
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(72)85032-5
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  13

  Bate-Smith, E.C.
  Systematic distribution of ellagitannins in relation to the phylogeny and classification of the angiosperms
  (1973) Medicine and Natural Sciences: Chemistry in Botanical Classification, pp. 93-102. Cited 3 times.
  Academic Press New York, G. Bendz, J. Santesson (Eds.)
  

  •  
• 
  14

  Bate-Smith, E.C.

  Chemotaxonomy of Geranium
  (1973) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 67 (4), pp. 347-359. Cited 36 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  15

  Jemia, M.B., Wannes, W.A., Ouchikh, O., Bruno, M., Kchouk, M.E.

  Antioxidant activity of Tunisian Geranium robertianum L. (Geraniaceae)
  (2013) Natural Product Research, 27 (22), pp. 2076-2083.
  doi: 10.1080/14786419.2013.782492
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  16

  Bnouham, M., Mekhfi, H., Legssyer, A., Ziyyat, A.
  Ethnopharmacology forum: medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Morocco
  (2002) Int. J. Diabetes Metab., 10, pp. 33-50.
  

  •  
• 
  17

  Camacho-Luis, A., Gayosso-De-Lucio, J.A., Torres-Valencia, J.M., Muñoz-Sánchez, J.L., Alarcón-Hernández, E., López, R., Barrón, B.L.

  Antioxidant constituents of geranium bellum rose
  (2008) Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 52 (2), pp. 103-107. Cited 11 times.
  http://www.jmcs.org.mx/PDFS/V52/2/01-Antioxidant.pdf
  
• 
  18

  Camejo-Rodrigues, J., Ascensão, L., Bonet, M.À., Vallès, J.

  An ethnobotanical study of medicinal and aromatic plants in the Natural Park of "Serra de São Mamede" (Portugal)
  (2003) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89 (2-3), pp. 199-209. Cited 125 times.
  doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00270-8
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  19

  Cunha, A.P.
  (2005) Farmacognosia e fitoquímica. Cited 13 times.
  Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
  

  •  
• 
  20

  Cunha, A.P., Teixeira, F., Silva, A.P., Roque, O.R.
  (2010) Plantas na terapêutica, farmacologia e ensaios clínicos
  Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
  

  •  
• 
  21

  Cunha, A.P., Silva, A.P., Roque, A.R.
  (2012) Plantas e produtos vegetais em fitoterapia
  Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
  

  •  
• 
  22

  Dai, J., Mumper, R.J.

  Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties
  (2010) Molecules, 15 (10), pp. 7313-7352. Cited 565 times.
  http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/10/7313/pdf
  doi: 10.3390/molecules15107313
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  23

  David, E., Giannasi, D.E.
  Flavonoids and evolution in the dicotyledons
  (1988) The Flavonoids-Advances in Research Since 1980, pp. 479-504.
  Springer Science + Business Media, J.B. Harborne (Ed.)
  

  •  
• 
  24

  De Jussie, A.L.
  (2010) Plant Systematics-an Integrated Approach, pp. 561-563.
  Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA
  

  •  
• 
  25

  Espín, J.C., Larrosa, M., García-Conesa, M.T., Tomás-Barberán, F.

  Biological significance of urolithins, the gut microbial ellagic acid-derived metabolites: The evidence so far
  (2013) Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, art. no. 270418. Cited 37 times.
  doi: 10.1155/2013/270418
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  26

  Ferreira, F.M., Peixoto, F., Nunes, E., Sena, C., Seiça, R., Santos, M.S.

  "MitoTea": Geranium robertianum L. decoctions decrease blood glucose levels and improve liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
  (2010) Acta Biochimica Polonica, 57 (4), pp. 399-402. Cited 2 times.
  http://www.actabp.pl/pdf/4_2010/399.pdf
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  27

  Fiz, O., Vargas, P., Alarcón, M., Aedo, C., García, J.L., Aldasoro, J.J.

  Phylogeny and historical biogeography of geraniaceae in relation to climate changes and pollination ecology
  (2008) Systematic Botany, 33 (2), pp. 326-342. Cited 34 times.
  http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/aspt/03636445/v33n2/s10.pdf?expires=1213791728&id=44741679&titleid=10212&accname=Elsevier&checksum=FC2178BC9B3B75B38A0595EFB6B54A77
  doi: 10.1600/036364408784571482
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  28

  Fodorea, C.S., Vlase, L., Suciu, S., Tamaş, M., Leucuţa, S.E.

  Preliminary HPLC study on some polyphenols of Geranium robertianum L. (Geraniaceae).
  (2005) Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societaţii de Medici ş̧i Naturaliş̧ti din Iaş̧i, 109 (1), pp. 174-178. Cited 4 times.
  
• 
  29

  Foglio, M.A., Queiroga, C.L., Sousa, I.M.O., Rodrigues, R.A.F.
  (2006) Plantas medicinas como fonte de recursos terapêuticos: um modelo multidisciplinar. MultiCiência: Construindo a História dos Produtos Naturais, 7.
  

  •  
• 
  30

  Follmer, C.

  Ureases as a target for the treatment of gastric and urinary infections
  (2010) Journal of Clinical Pathology, 63 (5), pp. 424-430. Cited 48 times.
  http://jcp.bmj.com/content/63/5/424.full.pdf
  doi: 10.1136/jcp.2009.072595
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  31

  Frey, F.M., Bukoski, M.

  Floral symmetry is associated with flower size and pollen production but not insect visitation rates in Geranium robertianum (Geraniaceae)
  (2014) Plant Species Biology, 29 (3), pp. 272-280. Cited 4 times.
  http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118541545/home?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
  doi: 10.1111/1442-1984.12021
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  32

  Gomes, E.T.
  Etnobotânica e Etnofarmacologia
  (2005) Farmacognosia e fitoquímica, pp. 54-55.
  Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, A.P. Cunha (Ed.)
  

  •  
• 
  33

  Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R.
  (1988) Comparative Plant Ecology: a Functional Approach to Common British Species. Cited 1696 times.
  Springer Science + Business Media, Dordrecht, Netherlands
  

  •  
• 
  34

  Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T., Jaenicke, C.
  (2000) PDR for Herbal Medicines. Cited 478 times.
  Thomson Medical Economics, Montvale
  

  •  
• 
  35

  Guarrera, P.M.

  Traditional antihelmintic, antiparasitic and repellent uses of plants in Central Italy
  (1999) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68 (1-3), pp. 183-192. Cited 116 times.
  doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00089-6
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  36

  Harborne, J.B.
  (1973) Phytochemical Methods, pp. 182-192. Cited 2221 times.
  Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London
  

  •  
• 
  37

  Harborne, J.B., Williams, C.A.
  Phytochemistry of the genus Geranium
  (2002) Geranium and Pelargonium-The Genera Geranium and Pelargonium, pp. 20-29. Cited 3 times.
  Taylor & Francis, London, M. Lis-Balchin (Ed.)
  

  •  
• 
  38

  Hegnauer, R.
  (1966) Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Eine obersicht iiber die verbreitung und die systematische bedeutung der pflanzenstoffe
  Springer, Basel
  

  •  
• 
  39

  Hersch-Martínez, P., Leaños-Miranda, B.E., Solórzano-Santos, F.

  Antibacterial effects of commercial essential oils over locally prevalent pathogenic strains in Mexico
  (2005) Fitoterapia, 76 (5), pp. 453-457. Cited 26 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.006
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  40

  Hultin, E., Torssell, K.

  Alkaloid-screening of swedish plants
  (1965) Phytochemistry, 4 (3), pp. 425-433. Cited 16 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  41

  Igwenyi, I.O., Elekwa, A.E.
  Phytochemical analysis and determination of vitamin contents of Geranium robertianum
  (2014) J. Dental Med. Sci., 13, pp. 44-47.
  

  •  
• 
  42

  Ismail, M., Ibrar, M., Iqbal, Z., Hussain, J., Hussain, H., Ahmed, M., Ejaz, A., (...), Choudhary, M.I.

  Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Geranium wallichianum
  (2009) Records of Natural Products, 3 (4), pp. 193-197. Cited 11 times.
  http://www.acgpubs.org/RNP/2009/Volume%203/Issue%201/28-RNP-0907-122.pdf
  
• 
  43

  Ismail, A., Noolu, B., Sharma, S., Madakasira, C., Bhat, M., Manchala, R.
  Proteasome inhibitory potential of commonly consumed dietary ingredients
  (2012) Int. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 1, pp. 27-31.
  

  •  
• 
  44

  Ito, H.

  Metabolites of the ellagitannin geraniin and their antioxidant activities
  (2011) Planta Medica, 77 (11), pp. 1110-1115. Cited 26 times.
  doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1270749
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  45

  Ivancheva, S., Petrova, A.

  A chemosystematic study of eleven Geranium species
  (2000) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 28 (3), pp. 255-260. Cited 10 times.
  doi: 10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00060-5
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  46

  Jones, E., Hughes, R.E.

  Foliar ascorbic acid in some angiosperms
  (1983) Phytochemistry, 22 (11), pp. 2493-2499. Cited 54 times.
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(83)80147-2
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  47

  Kampa, M., Nifli, A.-P., Notas, G., Castanas, E.

  Polyphenols and cancer cell growth
  (2007) Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 159, pp. 79-113. Cited 71 times.
  ISBN: 3540737995; 978-354073799-5
  doi: 10.1007/112_2006_0702
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  48

  Kartnig, T., Bucar-Stachel, J.

  Flavonoids from the aerial parts of Geranium robertianum [4]
  (1991) Planta Medica, 57 (3), pp. 292-293. Cited 6 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  49

  Kennedy, A.R.

  Chemopreventive agents: Protease inhibitors
  (1998) Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 78 (3), pp. 167-209. Cited 217 times.
  doi: 10.1016/S0163-7258(98)00010-2
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  50

  Kobakhidze, K.B., Alaniya, M.D.

  Flavonoids from Geranium robertianum
  (2004) Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 40 (1), pp. 89-90. Cited 7 times.
  doi: 10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8b
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  51

  Landete, J.M.

  Ellagitannins, ellagic acid and their derived metabolites: A review about source, metabolism, functions and health
  (2011) Food Research International, 44 (5), pp. 1150-1160. Cited 126 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.027
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  52

  Li, J., Chase, H.A.

  Applications of membrane techniques for purification of natural products
  (2010) Biotechnology Letters, 32 (5), pp. 601-608. Cited 17 times.
  doi: 10.1007/s10529-009-0199-7
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  53

  Lima, I.S.
  Estudos de metabolismo in vitro de extractos aquosos de são roberto, Geranium robertianum. Aplicações terapêuticas na doença de Alzheimer
  (2009) Master Thesis
  Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Lisboa
  

  •  
• 
  54

  Lipińska, L., Klewicka, E., Sójka, M.

  Structure, occurrence and biological activity of ellagitannins: A general review
  (2014) Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Technologia Alimentaria, 13 (3), pp. 289-299. Cited 11 times.
  http://www.food.actapol.net/pub/7_3_2014.pdf
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  55

  Lis-Balchin, M.
  (2004) Geranium and Pelargonium-The Genera Geranium and Pelargonium. Cited 10 times.
  Taylor & Francis, London
  

  •  
• 
  56

  Locatelli, C., Melucci, D., Locatelli, M.

  Toxic metals in herbal medicines. A review
  (2014) Current Bioactive Compounds, 10 (3), pp. 181-188. Cited 2 times.
  http://www.benthamdirect.org/pages/all_b_bypublication.php
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  57

  Loi, M.C., Poli, F., Sacchetti, G., Selenu, M.B., Ballero, M.

  Ethnopharmacology of Ogliastra (Villagrande Strisaili, Sardinia, Italy)
  (2004) Fitoterapia, 75 (3-4), pp. 277-295. Cited 41 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.01.008
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  58

  Loranty, A., Rembiałkowska, E., Rosa, E.A.S., Bennett, R.N.

  Identification, quantification and availability of carotenoids and chlorophylls in fruit, herb and medicinal teas
  (2010) Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23 (5), pp. 432-441. Cited 14 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.01.007
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  59

  Maciel, M.A.M., Pinto, A.C., Veiga Jr., V.F., Grynberg, N.F., Echevarria, A.

  Medicinal plants: The need for multidisciplinary scientific studies
  (2002) Quimica Nova, 25 (3), pp. 429-438. Cited 126 times.
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  60

  Mantle, D., Eddeb, F., Pickering, A.T.

  Comparison of relative antioxidant activities of British medicinal plant species in vitro
  (2000) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72 (1-2), pp. 47-51. Cited 127 times.
  doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00199-9
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  61

  Marc, E.B., Nelly, A., Annick, D.-D., Frederic, D.

  Plants used as remedies antirheumatic and antineuralgic in the traditional medicine of Lebanon
  (2008) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120 (3), pp. 315-334. Cited 73 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.024
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  62

  Menale, B., Muoio, R.

  Use of medicinal plants in the South-Eastern area of the Partenio Regional Park (Campania, Southern Italy)
  (2014) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 153 (1), pp. 297-307. Cited 7 times.
  www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm
  doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.039
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  63

  Menković, N., Šavikin, K., Tasić, S., Zdunić, G., Stešević, D., Milosavljević, S., Vincek, D.

  Ethnobotanical study on traditional uses of wild medicinal plants in Prokletije Mountains (Montenegro)
  (2011) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133 (1), pp. 97-107. Cited 54 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.008
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  64

  Miller, D.M.
  The taxonomy of Geranium species and cultivars, their origins and growth in the wild
  (2004) Geranium and Pelargonium-The Genera Geranium and Pelargonium, pp. 11-19.
  Taylor & Francis, London, M. Lis-Balchin (Ed.)
  

  •  
• 
  65

  Modolo, L.V., de Souza, A.X., Horta, L.P., Araujo, D.P., de Fátima, T.

  An overview on the potential of natural products as ureases inhibitors: A review
  (2015) Journal of Advanced Research, 6 (1), pp. 35-44. Cited 8 times.
  http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/722881/description#description
  doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.09.001
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  66

  Pimentel Montanher, A.B., Pizzolatti, M.G., Costa Brighente, I.M.

  An application of the brine shrimp bioassay for general screening of Brazilian medicinal plants
  (2002) Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense, 21 (3), pp. 175-178. Cited 15 times.
  
• 
  67

  Mukherjee, P.K., Kumar, V., Mal, M., Houghton, P.J.

  Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants
  (2007) Phytomedicine, 14 (4), pp. 289-300. Cited 256 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.02.002
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  68

  Neagu, E., Roman, G.P., Radu, G.L., Nechifor, G.

  Concentration of the bioactive principles in Geranium robertianum extracts through membranare procedures (ultrafiltration)
  (2010) Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15 (1), pp. 5042-5048. Cited 5 times.
  http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/biologie/RBL/rbl1vol15/lucr%2018%20Gabriela%20Roman.pdf
  
• 
  69

  Neagu, E., Pǎun, G., Moroeanu, V., Radu, G.L.

  Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of Geranium robertianum extracts
  (2010) Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 55 (6), pp. 321-325. Cited 5 times.
  http://revroum.getion.ro/wp-content/uploads/2010/RRCh_6_2010/Art%2006.pdf
  
• 
  70

  Neagu, E., Paun, G., Constantin, D., Radu, G.L.

  Cytostatic activity of Geranium robertianum L. extracts processed by membrane procedures
  (2013) Arabian Journal of Chemistry
  doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.028
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  71

  Neto, F.C., Simões, M.T.F.
  (2007) As plantas medicinais, aromáticas e condimentares da sub-região do Alto Tâmega e Barroso DRAPN-Direção Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Norte.
  

  •  
• 
  72

  Nikolova, M., Tsvetkova, R., Ivancheva, S.
  Evaluation of antioxidant activity in some Geraniacean species
  (2010) Bot. Serb., 32, pp. 123-125.
  

  •  
• 
  73

  Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., Nayeshiro, H.

  Geraniin, a new ellagitannin from geranium thunbergii
  (1976) Tetrahedron Letters, 17 (41), pp. 3721-3722. Cited 20 times.
  doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)93091-0
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  74

  Okuda, T., Mori, K., Hatano, T.

  The distribution of geraniin and mallotusinic acid in the order geraniales
  (1980) Phytochemistry, 19 (4), pp. 547-551. Cited 43 times.
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(80)87012-9
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  75

  Panahi, Y., Akhavan, A., Sahebkar, A., Hosseini, S.M., Taghizadeh, M., Akbari, H., Sharif, M.R., (...), Imani, S.

  Investigation of the effectiveness of Syzygium aromaticum, Lavandula angustifolia and Geranium robertianum essential oils in the treatment of acute external otitis: A comparative trial with ciprofloxacin
  (2014) Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 47 (3), pp. 211-216. Cited 3 times.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.10.002
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  76

  Paun, G., Neagu, E., Tache, A., Radu, G.L., Parvulescu, V.

  Application of the nanofiltration process for concentration of polyphenolic compounds from geranium robertianum and salvia officinalis extracts
  (2011) Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 25 (4), pp. 453-460. Cited 6 times.
  http://www.hdki.hr/cabeq/pdf/25_4_2011/Cabeq%202011-04_6.pdf
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  77

  Paun, G., Neagu, E., Litescu, S.C., Rotinberg, P., Radu, G.L.

  Application of membrane processes for the concentration of Symphytum officinale and Geranium robertianum extracts to obtain compounds with high anti-oxidative activity
  (2012) Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 77 (9), pp. 1191-1203. Cited 2 times.
  http://www.shd.org.rs/JSCS/Vol77/No9/JSCS_V77_No9.pdf
  doi: 10.2298/JSC120106021P
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  78

  Paun, G., Litescu, S.C., Neagu, E., Tache, A., Lucian Radu, G.

  Evaluation of Geranium spp., Helleborus spp. and Hyssopus spp. polyphenolic extracts inhibitory activity against urease and α-chymotrypsin
  (2014) Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 29 (1), pp. 28-34. Cited 5 times.
  doi: 10.3109/14756366.2012.749399
  

  • View at Publisher
• 
  79

  Pedro, L., Campos, P., Pais, M.S.
  Morphology: ontogeny and histochemistry of secretory trichomes of Geranium robertianum (Geraniaceae)
  (1990) Nord. J. Bot., 10, pp. 501-509.
  

  •  
• 
  80

  Pedro, L.G., Pais, M.S.S., Scheffer, J.J.C.

  Composition of the essential oil of Geranium robertianum L.
  (1992) Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 7 (4), pp. 223-226. Cited 7 times.
  

  • View at Publisher

  Santos, P.F.; Chemistry Dep. and Chemistry Center-Vila Real (CQVR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; email:psantos@utad.pt
© Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.