Wild food plants and fungi used by Ukrainians in the western part of the Maramureş region in Romania
Abstract
Wild food and fungi use in the countryside has always been an
important part of human-nature relationships. Due to social changes in
most rural areas of Europe this part of traditional ecological knowledge
is shrinking. The aim of our study was to record the use of wild foods
and plants among the Ukrainian (Carpatho-Rusyns) minority in the western
part of Romanian Maramureş. We carried out 64 interviews in two
villages. Voucher specimens were collected and DNA barcoding was used to
identify most fungi taxa. We recorded the use of 44 taxa of plants
altogether (including 8 taxa used only for herbal teas) and 24 taxa of
fungi. On average 7.7 species of plants and 9.7 species of fungi were
listed per interview. Edible fungi are thus an important part of local
cuisine and they are eagerly gathered by everyone. The use of a few
woodland bracket fungi is worth pointing out. No signs of degeneration
of this knowledge were observed. Wild fruits are less collected now and
wild greens are rarely collected nowadays. This pattern is typical of
many places in Central Europe.
Keywords
ethnobotany; ethnomycology; mycophilous; Romania; Ukraine
Full Text:
PDFReferences
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Łuczaj Ł. Brzozowy sok, “czeremsza” i zielony barszcz – ankieta etnobotaniczna wśród botaników ukraińskich. Etnobiologia Pol. 2012;2:15–22.
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Kalle R, Sõukand R. Historical ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants of Estonia (1770s–1960s). Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2012;81(4):271–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.033
Dénes A, Papp N, Babai D, Czúcz B, Molnár Z. Wild plants used for food by Hungarian ethnic groups living in the Carpathian Basin. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2012;81(4):381–396. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.040
Łuczaj Ł. Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants of Slovakia. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2012;81(4):245–255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.030
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Łuczaj Ł, Köhler P, Pirożnikow E, Graniszewska M, Pieroni A, Gervasi T. Wild edible plants of Belarus: from Rostafiński’s questionnaire of 1883 to the present. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013;9(1):21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-21
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Łuczaj Ł, ZovkoKončić M, Miličević T, Dolina K, Pandža M. Wild vegetable mixes sold in the markets of Dalmatia (southern Croatia). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013;9(1):2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-2
Łuczaj Ł, Fressel N, Perković S. Wild food plants used in the villages of the Lake Vrana Nature Park (northern Dalmatia, Croatia). Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2013;82(4):275–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2013.036
Dolina K, Łuczaj Ł. Wild food plants used on the Dubrovnik coast (south-eastern Croatia) Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2014;83(3):175–181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2014.029
Łuczaj Ł. Changes in the utilization of wild green vegetables in Poland since the 19th century: a comparison of four ethnobotanical surveys. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;128(2):395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.038
Nedelcheva A. An ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Bulgaria. Eurasia J Biosci. 2013;7:77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5053/ejobios.2013.7.0.10
Redžić S, Ferrier J. The use of wild plants for human nutrition during a war: eastern Bosnia (Western Balkans). In: Pieroni C, Quave CL, editors. Ethnobotany and biocultural diversities in the Balkans. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 149–182.
Łuczaj Ł. Brzozowy sok, “czeremsza” i zielony barszcz – ankieta etnobotaniczna wśród botaników ukraińskich. Etnobiologia Pol. 2012;2:15–22.
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King C, Melvin N, editors. Nations abroad: diaspora politics and international relations in the former Soviet Union. Boulder, CO: Westview Press; 1998.
Kosiek T. Czy w rumuńskim Maramureşzu mieszkają Huculi? Kilka uwag o kategorii Hucuł i Huculszczyzna w kontekście marmaroskim. In: Stęszewski J, Cząstka-Kłapyta J, editors. Kultura współczesnej Huculszczyzny. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza “Wichry”; 2010. p. 45–62.
Magocsi PR, Pop I. Maramorosh. In: Magocsi PR, Pop I, editors. Encyclopedia of Rusyn history and culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Incorporated; 2002. p. 307.
Kosiek T. Ethnicity has many names. On the diverse acts of identification with the example of the Ukrainian minority in the Romanian region of Maramureş. In: Kuligowski W, Papp R, editors. Sterile and isolated? An anthropology today in Hungary and Poland, Poznań: Wydawnictwo TIPI; 2015. p. 111–127.
Kurelyak V. Hutsuly Maramoroshchyny i etnohrafichny problemy. Visnyk L’vivs’koho Universitetu – Seriya Heografichna. 1998;22:41–48.
Kurelyak V. Ukrayinci rumunskoyi Maramoroshchyny. Lviv: Vydavnychyj centr LNU im. Ivana Franka; 2001.
Remeți, Maramureș: de la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Apr 05]; Available from: https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remeți,_Maramureș
Romanian companies: economic map of Lunca La Tisa (MM) [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Apr 05]; Available from: http://www.romanian-companies.eu/harta/maramures_lunca_la_tisa.htm
Len’o P. Etnokul’turni procesy v seredovyshchi ukrajinciv Maramoroshchyny. Narodna tvorchist ta etnohrafija. 2010;3:36–46.
American Anthropological Association Code of Ethics [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2015 Jan 10]; Available from: http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/upload/AAA-Ethics-Code-2009.pdf
International Society of Ethnobiology Code of Ethics (with 2008 additions) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2015 Jan 10]; Available from: http://ethnobiology.net/code-of-ethics/
Sõukand R, Quave CL, Pieroni A, Pardo-de-Santayana M, Tardío J, Kalle R, et al. Plants used for making recreational tea in Europe: a review based on specific research sites. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013;9(1):58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-58
The Plant List: a working list of all plant species [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Jan 10]; Available from: http://www.theplantlist.org/
Schocha CL, Seifertb K, Huhndorfc S, Robert V, Spouge JL, Levesque CA, et al. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(16): 6241–6246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117018109
Begerow D, Nilsson H, Unterseher M, Maier W. Current state and perspectives of fungal DNA barcoding and rapid identification procedures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;87:99–108. http://dx.doi/10.1007/s00253-010-2585-4
GenBank [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Mar 27]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Łuczaj Ł, Nieroda Z. Collecting and learning to identify edible fungi in southeastern Poland: age and gender differences. Ecol Food Nutr. 2011;50(4):319–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2011.586314
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