Assessment of heavy metals in Averrhoa bilimbi and A. carambola fruit samples at two developmental stages

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Volume 188, Issue 5, 1 May 2016, Article number 291

Assessment of heavy metals in Averrhoa bilimbi and A. carambola fruit samples at two developmental stages  (Article)

Soumya, S.L. , 

Nair, B.R.

 

Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

View references (33)

Abstract

Though the fruits of Averrhoa bilimbi and A. carambola are economically and medicinally important, they remain underutilized. The present study reports heavy metal quantitation in the fruit samples of A. bilimbi and A. carambola (Oxalidaceae), collected at two stages of maturity. Heavy metals are known to interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components. Although toxic, some elements are considered essential for human health, in trace quantities. Heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pb, and Cd were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The samples under investigation included, A. bilimbi unripe (BU) and ripe (BR), A. carambola sour unripe (CSU) and ripe (CSR), and A. carambola sweet unripe (CTU) and ripe (CTR). Heavy metal analysis showed that relatively higher level of heavy metals was present in BR samples compared to the rest of the samples. The highest amount of As and Se were recorded in BU samples while Mn content was highest in CSU samples and Co in CSR. Least amounts of Cr, Zn, Se, Cd, and Pb were noted in CTU while, Mn, Cu, and As were least in CTR. Thus, the sweet types of A. carambola (CTU, CTR) had comparatively lower heavy metal content. There appears to be no reason for concern since different fruit samples of Averrhoa studied presently showed the presence of various heavy metals in trace quantities. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Author keywords

Averrhoa bilimbi; Averrhoa carambola; Heavy metals; Maturity

Indexed keywords

Engineering controlled terms: Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Cadmium; Fruits; Heavy metals; Lead; Manganese; Metal analysis; Trace elements; Zinc

Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Averrhoa bilimbi; Averrhoa carambola; Cellular components; Developmental stage; Fruit samples; Heavy metal contents; Maturity

Engineering main heading: Copper

Species Index: Averrhoa; Averrhoa bilimbi; Averrhoa carambola; Oxalidaceae

ISSN: 01676369 CODEN: EMASDSource Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5298-zDocument Type: Article

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

References (33)

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  Soumya, S.L.; Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, India; email:sl.soumya@yahoo.com
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