Bitter melon: A panacea for inflammation and cancer (Review)

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines

Volume 14, Issue 2, 1 February 2016, Pages 81-100

Dandawate, P.R.^ab, 

Subramaniam, D.^abc, 

Padhye, S.B.^d, 

Anant, S.^abc 

 

^a  Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
^b  Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
^c  The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States 

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Abstract

Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds (Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, α-eleostearic acid) and proteins (α-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30) possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents. © 2016 China Pharmaceutical University.

Author keywords

Anti-cancer activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Anti-oxidant activity; Bitter melon; Momordica charantia; Natural products

ISSN: 18755364 CODEN: ZTYHASource Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(16)60002-XDocument Type: Review

Publisher: Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Editorial Board

References (156)

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  Octanorcucurbitane triterpenoids protect against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hepatotoxicity from the stems of Momordica charantia
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  Antiproliferative and hypoglycemic cucurbitane-type glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia
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  Medicinal foodstuffs. XXI. Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, goyaglycosides-a, -b, -c, -d, -e, -f, -g, and -h, and new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, goyasaponins I, II, and III, from the fresh fruit of Japanese Momordica charantia L.
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  Kuguaglycoside C, a constituent of Momordica charantia, induces caspase-independent cell death of neuroblastoma cells
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  α-Glucosidase inhibition properties of cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia
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  Antioxidant constituents from the stems and fruits of Momordica charantia
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  Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpenes and glycosides, karavilagenins D and E, and karavilosides VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI, from the fruit of Momordica charantia
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  Saponins from the traditional medicinal plant Momordica charantia stimulate insulin secretion in vitro
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  Cucurbitane glucosides from Momordica charantia leaves as oviposition deterrents to the leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii
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  Anant, S.; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, United States; email:sanant@kumc.edu
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